420 HOG CHOLERA 
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Journal, London, Vol. XLVII (1898), p. 147. Ann. del Inst. Pasteur, Vol. XIT (1898), 
p. 240. 
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Wituetms. Memoire sur la péripneumonie epizodtique du bétail. 1852. 
soli Ma 
HOG CHOLERA 
Synonyms: Swine fever; pneumo-enteritis; pig typhoid; Svinpest. 
Characterization. The distinguishing features of this disease are a 
continuous fever, ulceration of the intestines, petechial hemorrhages, 
especially in the kidneys, and more or less discoloration of the skin, 
especially over the ventral surface. It affects swine only. 
History. The earliest recorded outbreak in this country of a disease 
supposed to be hog cholera, occurred in the state of Ohio in 1833. It 
is presumed that it was brought from Europe with some of the animals 
imported from there for breeding purposes. After being introduced, 
it spread at first slowly, but later with increasing rapidity along the 
lines of commerce, until it invaded every part of this country where 
swine raising had become an industry. The disease was investigated 
and very carefully described by Dr. C. Sutton, of Aurora, Ind., from 
1850 to 1858. In 1861, Dr. Edwin M. Snow, of Providence, R. I., 
contributed an important paper on this disease to the U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. In 1875, Dr. James Law, of Ithaca, N. Y., 
furnished to the same Department a valuable paper setting forth the 
symptoms and morbid anatomy of this disease. He believed it to 
be contagious although the specific organism had not been found. 
The U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture appointed, in 1878, nine men 
for a period of two months each to investigate the disease in various 
localities. In their report the symptoms and morbid anatomy 
formerly described were confirmed and two additional features set 
forth. Law showed that it was transmissible by inoculation to other 
animals, and Dr. Detmers described a microérganism which he called 
Bacillus suis, and which he believed to be the specific cause of the 
trouble. Later, Detmers described his organism as a micrococcus. 
The work of investigation was continued under the direction of the 
Commissioner of Agriculture. In 1885, Salmon and Smith described 
an organism thought at the time to be the specific cause. It was 
