460 MENINGITIS IN HORSES 
inoculated with the serum of infected horses will develop the symp- 
toms and usually die in from two to four weeks. 
REFERENCES 
1. CarRE gy VaLLEE. Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur |’anémie 
pernicieuse du cheval (typho-anémie infectieuse). Rev. Gén. de Méd. Vét., Vol. VIII 
(1906), p. 593. 
2. Francis anp MarstTELuar. Infectious anemia of the horse. Bull. No. 119, 
Texas Ag. Exp. Sta. 
3. Hoarg. Equine pernicious anemia. A System of Veterinary Medicine, Vol. I, p. 
927. 
4. Japanese Commission. Report on the results obtained by the special committee 
for investigation of infectious anemia of the horse. The Vet. Jour., Vol. LXX (1914) 
p. 604. 
5. Licntr. Rec. de Méd. Vét., 1843, p. 30. 
6. Macx. Equine anemia. Bul. No. 68, Nevada Ag. Exp. Stat. 
7. Macx. Intracellular bodies associated with equine anemia. Proceedings of 
the Amer. Vet. Med. Asso., 1911. 
8. Mouter. Infectious anemia or swamp fever of horses. (ir. 138, B. A. I., 
Washington, D. C. 
9. SEYDERHELM U. SEYDERHELM. Wesen, Ursache und Therapie der perniziésen 
Andmie.der Pferde. Arch. f. wiss. u. prak. Tier., Bd. XLI (1914), S. 50. 
10. Torrance. Malarial fever of horses in Manitoba. Proc. Am.Vet. Med. Asso., 
1902, p. 282. 
11. Upaui ano Fitcu. Preliminary report on the recognition of swamp fever or 
infectious anemia in New York State. Cornell Veterinarian, Vol. V (1915), p. 69. 
12. Van Es, Harris ano ScHaLtk. Swamp fever in horses. Bull. 94, N. Dak. 
Agr. Exp. Sta., Fargo, 1911. 
ENZOOTIC CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS IN HORSES 
Synonyms: Crazy disease; Borna disease; ‘“‘encephalitis.”’ 
Characterization. This is a disease that seems to be infectious, 
exhibiting symptoms referable to a disturbance in the central nervous 
system. Although the literature contains numerous accounts of its 
seemingly contagious nature, an analysis of the facts fails to bring 
forth conclusive evidence that it is ever transmitted directly from one 
horse to another. In nearly if not all outbreaks, the animals affected 
have been subjected to like conditions of life. This disease is, at the 
present time, peculiar in that its cause is not well defined, that obvious 
tissue changes are usually absent, and that it hasa very high mortality. 
Joest described it as an “acute, disseminated, non-suppurative inflam- 
mation of the brain and its coverings.” 
History. For many years there have appeared from time to time 
outbreaks among horses of a disease, the symptoms of which suggested 
brain trouble. More recent outbreaks have been studied and quite 
