MENINGITIS IN HORSES 465 
The fact that there is no recognizable close local relationship between 
the inflammatory infiltrates and the intranuclear bodies, in addition 
to the fact that the ganglion cells containing the bodies are well pre- 
served, does not support the theory that the intranuclear bodies are 
the cause of the inflammatory changes or of Borna disease. 
“The entire histological picture of the disease and the results of the 
examination of the cerebro-spinal fluid indicate that the genuine 
infectious process goes on in the nerve substance and its vessels, and 
that the changes in the meninges are of the nature of an irritation. 
“In any case we must regard it as established that the encephalitis 
(and myelitis) in Borna disease is independent of any disease in the 
meninges.” 
Diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by the symptoms. The differ- 
ential diagnosis is between the various forms of meningitis, rabies 
and food poisoning. As yet the symptomatology and morbid changes 
following disorders due to the possible different causes are not deter- 
mined with the exception of rabies. The evidence seems to be quite 
conclusive that enzodtic cerebro-spinal meningitis differs from poison- 
ing. The intra-nuclear bodies found by Jcest have not been reported 
in this country. 
Prevention. Until the nature of the virus is more definitely 
determined preventive measures will remain unsatisfactory. The 
removal of the well animals from the infected ones may be beneficial. 
The change of food has been recommended. ‘There is great need for 
further investigations of this disease. 
REFERENCES 
1. Buruer. Notesona feeding experiment to produce leucoencephalitis in a horse, 
with positive results. Am. Vet. Rev., Vol. XXVI (1902), p. 748. 
2. Favitue. So-called spinal meningitis. Am. Vet. Review, Vol. XVII (1893-94), 
p. 9. 
3. Harrison. Cerebro-spinal meningitis. Am. Vet. Rev., Vol. XXVIII (1904), 
p. 1015. 
4. Hickman. Epizodtic cerebro-spinal meningitis of horses. Twenty-third annual 
report, Bureau of Animal Industry, 1906. 
5. Hoare. Epizodtic cerebro-spinal meningitis in the horse. A System of Vet. 
Med. (Hoare), Vol. I, p. 889. 
6. Jorsr uNpD Decen. Uber eigentiimliche Kerneinschliisse der Ganglienzellen bei 
der enzodtischen Gehirn-Riickenmarksentztindung der Pferde. Berl. Tier. Wochens, 
Bd. XXVI (1910), S. 300. Abstract, Journ. of Comp. Path. and Therap., Vol. XXIV 
(1911), p. 369. 
7. Jorst unp Decrn. Untersuchungen tiber die pathologische Histologie, Patho- 
genese und postmortale Diagnose der seuchenhaften Gehirn-Ruckenmarksentztindung 
(Bornaschen Krankheit) des Pferdes. Zeitsch. fur Infek., parasitare Krankheiten und 
Hyg. der Haustiere, Bd. TX (1911), 5. 1. 
