466 CANINE DISTEMPER 
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CANINE DISTEMPER 
Synonyms: Dog plague; dog disease; bench show disease; 
canine influenza; typhus fever in the dog; typhoid fever in the dog; 
catarrhal fever. 
Characterization. Distemper is an infectious disease appearing in 
sporadic cases or in epizoétics. It is characterized by a rise of tem- 
perature and a catarrh of the mucous membranes. It runs a variable, 
prolonged course. Frequently there are serious disturbances of the 
nervous system. It affects carniverous animals. It is caused by a 
filterable virus. 
History. This disease of dogs was known in quite early times. 
Its history shows that possibly it was introduced into southern 
Europe from Peru, South America, about the middle of the eighteenth 
century. It was regarded as being closely allied to a number of 
diseases of the human species such as the plague and typhus. Trasbot 
contended that there were at least two, if not three, distinct contagious 
diseases confounded under the name distemper, namely, true dis- 
temper, la grippe and a special infectious pneumonia. In 1857, 
Leblanc described forms of distemper that caused bronchial catarrh, 
intestinal catarrh, diseases of the nervous system and an eruptive 
