DIPHTHERIA IN FOWLS 483 
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DIPHTHERIA IN FOWLS 
Synonyms. Roup*; pip; canker; swelled head. 
Characterization. Diphtheria of birds is an infectious disease the 
lesions of which first appear on one or more of the mucous membranes 
of the head and which may extend to the trachea, bronchi, the air 
sacs, the intestines and possibly to other abdominal organs. The 
disease is determined by a grayish-yellow, fibrinous exudate or 
diphtheritic pseudo-membranes which form upon the mucous surface 
of one or more of the parts mentioned. The exudate may be so 
abundant as to obstruct the air passages. In some outbreaks, the 
disease is very acute, progresses with great rapidity and destroys most 
of the birds attacked. At other times the mortality is not high. 
Ratz concludes from his investigation that the etiology of chicken 
diphtheria and chicken pox is the same and that the lesions are 
different manifestations of the same disease. ** 
*The origin of this term is somewhat obscure, but it is supposed to be a corruption 
of croup, and its application explained on account of a peculiar hoarseness accompany- 
ing the respiration of the affected birds. btn a 
**The disease commonly known as chicken pox consisting of epithelial nodules on the 
skin especially of the comb and wattles is believed by some workers to be identical 
etiologically with avian diphtheria. Carnwath produced the diphtheritic lesions on the 
mucosa with chicken pox material and pox nodules with diphtheritic material. The 
writer’s experience has not confirmed the findings of those who believe in the identity 
of the two affections. Because of doubt on this point, chicken pox is treated as a separ- 
ate disease. 
