498 FOWL PLAGUE 
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1904, p. 164. 
FOWL PLAGUE 
Synonyms: Fowl pest; Vogelpest; bird pest; Hzhner-pest; 
exudative typhus of birds; Brunswick bird plague; infectious peritoni- 
tis of fowls. 
Characterization. This is a very acute and rapidly fatal disease of 
fowls caused by an ultra-microscopic organism that passes through 
the Berkefeld and Chamberland filters. Pigeons, turkeys, pheasants, 
geese, ducks, pea fowls, guinea-fowls, parrots, blackbirds, and other 
wild species are said to be susceptible. 
History. In 1880, Rivolta and Delprato differentiated a disease 
from chicken cholera which they designated ‘exudative typhus.” 
Perroncito called it a typical fowl cholera. It was investigated and 
described by Lode and Gruber in 1901. It was found in the Tyrol 
where during the time from March until July it had attacked 2,300 
hens with a mortality of from 80 to 95 per cent. Centanni described 
this disease and the nature of its virus. He states that it has been 
recognized as a distinct affection for more than ten years. It is sup- 
posed to have been introduced into Germany by a poultry show held 
in Brunswick in 1901. 
Geographical distribution. Fowl! plague has been known in North- 
ern Italy since 1894. It has been reported from Germany, Belgium 
