ADVANCED BEE CULTURE. 189 



Liitiiience ©t 1 emperattsre m 



EOF. ATWATER says that the production of heat in the 

 human body is so great that, if there were no way for it to 

 escape, there would sufficient accumulate, in an average, 

 well-fed man, to heat his body to the boiling point in 36 

 hours. This heat is gradually passing off by radiation. To prevent 

 too rapid radiation, we cover our bodies with clothing. For the sariie 

 reason, we surround our bees in winter with chaff or some other 

 non-conductor of heat; but there is no way in which the radiation of 

 heat can be so completely controlled as by surrounding the heat pro- 

 ducing body with an atmosphere of the proper temperature. There 

 is no method by which the most desirable temperature for wintering 

 bees can be so completely secured as by placing the bees in a cellar 

 or special repository. 



The ordinary house-cellar, where the temperature remains 

 above freezing, is usually a good place in which to winter bees. Men 

 who are engaged extensively in bee-keeping where cellars are needed 

 for the wintering of bees, usually find it to their advantage, perhaps 

 a necessity, to build a special repository. The more completely the 

 cellar is below the surface of the earth, the more perfectly can the 

 temperature be controlled. It should be remembered that, not only 

 is there the winter's cold with which to contend, but the warmer 

 days of late winter may arouse the bees and make them uneasy 

 before it is time to remove them from the cellar; unless the cellar is 

 deep in the ground beyond the influence of outside temperatures. 

 The walls of a cellar are usually laid up with brick or stone, but 

 there are other methods of making a cellar. Mr. T. F. Bingham, of 



