:nthodcction. ix 



palmate or digitate, when several diverge from the same point, compared to thft 

 fingers of the hand. 



iemate, when three only start from the same point, in which case the distinction 

 hetween the palmate and pinnate arrangement often ceases, or can only be determined 

 by analogy with allied plants. A leaf with temate lobes is called trifid. A leaf with 

 three leaflets is sometimes improperly called a temate leaf; it is the leaflets that are 

 temate ; the whole leaf is tnfoliolate. Temate leaves are leaves growing three together. 



pedate, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are 

 forked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the branches are 

 near together at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird. 



42. Leaves with pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaflets, are usually for shortness called 

 pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaves. If they are so cut into segments only, they are 

 usually said to be pirmatisect,palmatisect, pedatisect, etc., although the distinction be- 

 tween segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot indeed always 

 be ascertained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said to be pimiatifid, 

 palmatifid, pedaUjid, etc. 



43. The teeth, lobes, segments, or leaflets, may be again toothed, lobed, divided, or 

 compounded. Some leaves are even three or more times divided or compounded. In 

 the latter case they are termed decompound. When twice or thrice pinnate (bipinmate 

 or tripinnate), each primary or secondary division, with the leaflets it comprises, is 

 called a pinna. When the pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are in pairs, with- 

 out an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be abruptly 

 pinnate ; if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is imequalh/ 

 pinnate {impdripinnatam) . 



44. The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the following nu- 

 merals, derived from the Latin : — 



uni-. bi". tri", auadri-, quinque-, Bei-, septem-, octo-, novem-, decern-, multi- 

 1-, 3-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 6-, 7; 8-, 9-, 10-, 



prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. Thus — 



unidentate, hidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many-toothed, 

 etc. 



bifid, trifid, mvUifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, etc. 



unifoliolate, bifoliolate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many 

 leaflets, etc. 



unifoliate, bifoliate, muUifoUate, mean having one leaf, two leaves, many leaves, 



etc. 



hiternate and triiemate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. 



unijugate, bijugate, multyugate, etc., pinnse or leaflets, mean that they are in one, 

 two, many, etc., pau-s O^a). ,, „ , . , ^ 



45. Leaves or their paj-ts, when flat, or any other flat organs m plants, are 



linear, when long and narrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely 

 compared to a mathematical line, for a Unear leaf has always a perceptible breadth. 



lanceolate, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest below the 

 middle, and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head of a lance. 



cuneate, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, compared 

 to a wedge with the point dovmwards ; when very broadly cuneate and rounded at the 

 top, it is often caOBAflalelliform or fan-shaped. 



spathulate, when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow tapermg 

 part long, compared to a spatula or flat ladle. , , , ,, ■^.^ 



ovate when scarcely twice as long as broad, and rather broader below the middle, 

 compared to the longitudinal section of an egg; obovate is the same form, with the 



broadest part above the middle. , , . , , ^ , j i J.^„ „„^ 



oriimlar, oval, oblong, elliptical, rhomiotdal, etc., when compared to the cor- 



resnonding mathematical figures. , .. i 



trwniversely oblong, or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long. 

 faZcaie when curved Uke the blade of a scythe. 

 46 Intmcdfate forms between any two of the above are expressed by comb.nmg 



