168 composiTjE. {Saussurea. 



pappus of 3 or 4 very deciduous slender awns, about half the length of the 

 inner plumose one. — S. fomm, Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 336. 



Victoria Peak, Champion, Eance, Wright. Ranges from S. China to Japan. The flower- 

 heads are rather larger, and the leaves nsually more entire than in the Amoy specimens, and 

 in De Candolle's figure of the Japanese plant, but they all appear to be forms of one species. 



2. S. carthamoides, Benth. Root annual. Stem firm, erect, nearly 

 simple, about 2 ft. high, sulcate and slightly cottony. Leaves deeply pin- 

 natifid or lyrate, the lower lobes narrow, the terminal one broad, thin, green 

 above, white and cottony underneath, 3 or 4 in. long ; the upper ones few, 

 with narrower lobes. Flower-heads few, on long peduncles. Involucre cam- 

 panulate, 6 to 8 lines diameter, the numerous bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, 

 shghtly scarious at the edge. Aohenes striate, slightly curved. Outer pap- 

 pus of several very short scales, united in a minute oblique ring. — Aplotaxis 

 carthamoides, DC. Prod. vi. 540. Serratula cartMmoides, Eoxb. M. Ind. iii. 

 407. 



Saywan, Harland, Sance, also Wright. Not unfrequent in the hilly districts of northern 

 and eastern India. 



2. CIRSIITM, Tournef. 



Florets all tubular and equal. Involucre imbricate, not longer than the 

 florets ; the bracts, at least the outer ones, prickly-pointed. Eeceptacle bear- 

 ing bristles between the florets. Anthers with the basal lobes slightly fringed 

 or toothed. Aohenes flattened, glabrous. Pappus of numerous plumose bris- 

 tles united in a ring at the base, without any outer ones. 



A large genus, spread over a great part of the globe, but chiefly in the temperate regions 

 of the northern hemisphere. It is often considered as a section of CarCkms, from which it 

 only difi^ers in the plumose hairs of the pappus. 



1. C. chinensej Qardn. and Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. i. 323. Eoot- 

 stock said to be creeping as in C. arvense. Stems erect, 1 to 2 ft. high, sim- 

 ple or scarcely branched. Leaves linear or lanceolate, not decurrent, 2 to 4 

 in. long, bordered with irregular very prickly teeth,' glabrous or slightly pu- 

 bescent above, white-cottony underneath, or at length sometimes glabrous. 

 Flower-heads solitary, on long peduncles, near an inch in diameter. Involu- 

 cral bracts very numerous, the outer ones slightly prickly, the inner scarious 

 and recurved at the tips. Florets purple, very numerous. FUaments hispid. — 

 C. oreitkales, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 944. 



Victoria Peak and other hills. Champion and others. Has been found also in Khasia. 



Tkibb II. VERNONIACE^. 



Leaves alternate.* Flower-heads discoid ; the florets aU tubular, herma- 

 phi'odite and regular or nearly so. Anthers obtuse at the base, without tails. 

 Style not swollen or bulb-shaped below the branches, which are subulate and 

 pointed. 



3. VERNONIA. 



Florets all tubular and equal. Involucre imbricate, not longer than the 

 fiorets, the inner bracts the longest. Eeceptacle naked. Corolla regular, with 



* The opposite-lpaved lAahete and Pectidea are much better placed among Senecionideee. 



