FandeUia.] scrophularinejE< SBl 



A considerable genus, dispersed over the tropical regions of the Old World, with 2 or 3 

 species spreading as weeds into America. It closely connects Toretiia with Ilysanthes and 

 Bonnaya, differing from the former in the calyx, from the latter in the stamens. 

 Calyx 5-toothed at the time of flowering. 



Leaves mostly oblong, rather thick. Calyx B-angled 1. F. ohlonga. 



Leaves broadly ovate, thin. Calyx membranous, scarcely angled, often 



splitting after flowering g. F. orustacea. 



Calyx 5-cleft to the base from the first 3. F. scabra. 



1. V. oblonga, Benth. in DO. Prod. x. 413. A glabrous annual, de- 

 cumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, the flowering branches ascending to 

 5 or 6 in. or more. Leaves from ovate to oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, rather 

 thick, entire or scarcely crenate, narrowed at the base, but scarcely stalked , 4 

 to 6 or rarely 7 or 8 lines long. Pedicfels few, 1 in. long or more, forming a 

 loose terminal raceme. Calyx about 3^ lines long, angular, 5-toothed or 

 shortly 5-lobed. Corolla more than twice as long. Appendage of the lower 

 filaments slightly clavate. Capsule ovoid, shorter than the calyx. 



Hongkong, Champion, Sarland, Wright. Also on the adjacent continent, but not known 

 out of S. China. 



2. V. Crustacea, Benth. in BO. Prod. x. 413 ; Wiffht, Ic. t. 863. A diffuse 

 much branched annual, glabrous or with a vjry few scattered hairs, and usually 

 not exceeding 6 in. Leaves shortly stalted, ovate, broadly crenate, 4 to 9 

 lines long, broadly rounded or almost cordate at the base, much thinner than 

 in V. ohlonga. Pedicels usually l^to near 1 in. long, axillary or forming loose 

 leafy racemes. Calyx about 3 lines long, membranous and 5-toothed, with 5 

 scarcely prominent nerves at the time of flowering, often splitting into 5 lobes 

 or segments after the flowering is over. Coiolla scarcely twice as long. Capsule 

 dVoid or almost oblong, shorter than the calyx. 



Frequent in rice-fields, etc.. Champion and others. A very common weed throughout 

 tropical Asia, extending also into tropical Africa and Australia, and to some parts of America. 



3. V. scabra, Benth. in DO. Prod. x. 414. A difi^use much-branched 

 annual, resembling V. erustacea in many respects, but usually slightly hairy, 

 often assuming a blackish tint in drying, and readily known by the calyx, 

 which from the first consists of 5 distinct linear-lanceolate segments. The 

 leaves are also nearly or quite sessile, broadly ovate or orbicular, crenate and 

 scarcely \ in. long. Calyx about 3 lines long. Flowers rather smaller than 

 in V. Crustacea. Capsule nearly globular. 



Hongkong, Wilford. Widely distributed over India, from Ceylon and the Peninsula to 

 the Archipelago and the Philippines, but not nearly so common as the F. Crustacea. 



9. ILYSANTHES, Eafin. 



Sepals 5, distinct, narrow. Corolla vrith the upper lip erect, shortly 3- 

 lobed, the lower larger, spreading, B-lobed. Stamens, 3 upper ones fertile 

 with 3-celled anthers, the lower pair rudimentary, usually 3-lobed, with 1 lobe 

 obtuse and glandular, the other acute, either reduced to a very short tooth, or 

 long and iilifonn, very rarely bearing a small sterile anther. Capsule ovoid or 

 oblong, shorter than or little longer than the calyx, opening in two entire 

 valves parallel to the thin flat dissepiment.— Glabrous slender annual. Leaves 

 opposite. Mowers usually small, on slender pedicels, axiUaiy or in terminal 

 leafy racemes. 



