Alpinia.] sciTAMiNEiE. 349 



In ravinea of Mount Victoria, C/iampion, Eance. In Ceylon, the Malayan Peninsula, 

 and the Archipelago, and frequently cultivated for its aromatic rhizomes. 



3. A. chiuensis, Hose, in Linn. Trans, viii. 346. Allied to the last 

 but of smaller stature, with smaller nan-ower leaves. Panicle naiTower and 

 quite glabrous ; the lower branches usually 3-flowered. Perianth nearly as in 

 A. galangas, but much smaller ; the inner lobes scarcely exceeding 4 lines. 

 Labellum sessile, broadly ovate, slightly emarginate, and the small lateral 

 linear lobes at the base tm-ned towards the stamen. — Galanga minor, Eumph. 

 Amb. V. 143. Hellenia chinensis, Willd. Spec. PI. i. 5. 



In ravines of Mount Victoria, Champion ; in shady woods of the Happy Valley, Wilford ; 

 also Wright. Not known out of S. China. Fortune's plant from N. China, n. 65, and the 

 Benin plant referred in the Botany of Beeohey's Voyage, with doubt, but erroneously to 

 Glohba Sura, Koxb., are closely allied to Alpinia chinensis, but in some measure inter- 

 mediate between that species and A. galangas. Both have a more canipanulate outer peri- 

 anth. In Fortune's specimens the labellum is sessile as ii .4 . chinensis ; in the Benin ones 

 it is stipitate, but much less so than in A. galangas. "Whether these differences are specific, 

 or whether the labellum is variable, is a point which remains to be determined. 



3. CAWNA, Linn. 



Outer perianth of 3 short stiff persistent segments. Inner perianth petal- 

 like, united at the base in a tube with the stamens, and deciduous with them ; 

 the limb of 3 nearly equal segments. Staminal whorl consisting of 4 petal- 

 like segments, 3 barren (often called inner corolla) ; the fourth bearing a 1- 

 celled anther on one side. Ovary 3-celled, with several ovules. Style flat- 

 tened, with a terminal stigma. Capsule muiioate, 3-valved. — Herbs with erect- 

 stems. Flowers in a terminal interrupted simple or branched spike. 



A tropical genus, chiefly American, but abundant also in the Old World, especially as es- 

 capes from cultivafion, producing numerous varieties published as species; whilst it is pro- 

 bable that the permanent indigenous forms are but few. 



1. C. indica, Linn. ? ; Bosob. M. Ind. i. 1. Stems 3 or 4 feet high. 

 Leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 8 in. long. Flowers 

 red or yellow. Outer perianth- segments ovate, obtuse, 3 or 4 lines long ; 

 inner ones naiTOw, erect, acute, above 1 in. Petal-Hke stamens (or inner co- 

 rolla) longer, more highly coloured, spreading towards the top. 



Introduced, on hiU-sides near rivulets, Wright and others. A species probably native of 

 eastern India or the Archipelago, but uow so abundantly dispersed over tropical Asia as an 

 escape from cultivation, that it is impossible to fix the limits of its really indigenous stations. 



Oedek CXI. ORCHIDEiE, 



Perianth superior, irregular, of 6 usually petal-like segments ; the 3 outer 

 ones called sepals, and 2 of the inner ones called petals, usually nearly similar ; 

 the third inner one, called the labellum or lip, differing from the others in 

 shape, or direction, or insertion. Opposite to the labellum, in the axis of the 

 flower, is the column, consisting of 1 or rarely 3 stamens combined with the 

 style ; the 2-celled anther or anthers being variously situated on the style it- 

 self, and each cell of the anther sometimes spuriously or partially divided into 

 2 or 4 smaller cells. PoUen usually cohering into 1, 3, or 4 pairs of oblong or^ 

 globular pollen-masses, tapering at one end into a point, and in many genera 



