DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 25 
Need for clothing and shelter. Food was not the only need 
of man supplied by the beast and bird of the forest. The skins 
were good for clothing and for tents, enabling the primitive 
hunter to leave his cave and other natural shelters, and erect 
his home wherever inclination or necessity dictated. The skins 
of those taken for food were, however, not enough to meet 
this need, and the world over animals with especially fine body 
covering have been hunted almost to the point of extermina- 
tion for their fur, originally as a matter of necessity but in these 
latter days as a matter of luxury and profit. So relentless has 
been that warfare, and so systematically has it been conducted, 
that our valuable fur-bearing animals are nearly exhausted and 
we ourselves will soon face the same issue with respect to these 
animals that our barbarian ancestors faced with respect to food 
animals, — domesticate or go without. 
Even this has not fully met our need for the products of the 
animal body, and many species with a long coat have from time 
immemorial been shorn of their fleece, the ‘‘wool”’ to be woven 
into cloth and the animal saved to grow another crop. Thus did 
the scarcity of animals add one more step in our march of civili- 
zation, and add the loom to our industries. 
Even this was not enough. The wool of sheep and the hair 
of goat and alpaca alone could not meet our new demands for 
fabric. Then came the resort to vegetable fiber, not only for 
clothing, but for cordage to take the place of the more expen- 
sive, and at last impossible, dried sinew and leather lariat.2, Thus 
1 The Hudson Bay Company was founded in 1670, and chartered by the 
British government with special privileges to hunt fur-bearing animals in the 
Canadas, especially in the Hudson Bay territory. These hunters and trappers 
were really the first explorers, for they not only subsidized the Indians to hunt 
and trap, but themselves penetrated to the remotest depths of forest and moun- 
tain in search of the precious pelt. The quest for seal was no less ardent upon 
the water than was that for otter, mink, and beaver on the land. 
2 In certain portions of the tropics a tough and slender vine is used for 
binding together the timbers in fence and building construction. The cipo 
(pronounced see-go) is a vine of this kind, and is suggestively called the 
Brazilian nail. 
