THE WAY OF THE WILD 61 
out above in the struggle upward, the lower ones are shaded 
the same as those of the lower-growing trees, and ultimately for 
the same reason die and drop off. In this way trees growing 
in close proximity to each other 
develop tall bare trunks valu- 
able for timber, while those 
growing in the open would not 
be forced upward by competi- 
tion nor would the lower limbs 
be killed. Such trees develop 
beautiful tops, being lighted on 
all sides, but they never make 
timber trees, however old or 
mature.! 
Competition most severe be- 
tween individuals of the same 
species. At first thought it would 
seem that members of the same 
race would live in peace and 
harmony together, and that the 
competition would be between 
different species only. But that 
is not so. In so far as compe- 
ae i ee Fic.9. The best possible condition 
tition exists at all between indi- for rapid growth, as it affords oppor- 
viduals of the same race it igs tunity for maximum exposure of leaf 
h f all surface. This grapevine consumed 
Bile THOSE SCvele Ola! four years in covering the first ten 
In the competition for food, feet of the derrick, but with this 
whether plant or animal. the ‘tart it ascended the remaining forty 
P a feet in one year 
needs of the same species are 
identical, the methods of growth in plants and the hunting 
habits among animals are the same, and the competition is 
much more direct than where needs are not quite the same 
and habits are somewhat different. 
1It is suggested that the student verify the foregoing statements by visits 
to weedy fields and to young forests. 
