SYSTEMATIC IMPROVEMENT OF ANIMALS 183 
189406, and that the dam was Aurora, who is recorded in Vol. 
LUI on page 711 ;! that her sire was 5th Favorite of Spring- 
brook, whose recorded number is 141617, and under which 
we would find his full pedigree; and further that this line of 
breeding traces to the imported cow Daisy, whose sire was 
Wild 11134. 
Pedigrees for cows run the same, except that they have no 
numbers, but are arranged alphabetically by name under the 
breeders, also alphabetically arranged. This deplorable system 
makes it necessary to designate females by the number of the 
volume and the page on which their pedigrees appear. Mani- 
festly, names are useless for purposes of designation because 
so many are duplicates. 
The Hereford system is much better, as everything, male and 
female alike, is recorded by number in serial order, —a plan 
that is being more and more generally followed, whether the 
animals recorded are horses, cattle, sheep, or swine. 
Advanced registry. It is readily noted that the ordinary pedi- 
gree is merely a guarantee against mixed blood lines; that is, 
that all the blood of the individual is of the specified breed and 
no other. It does not, however, pretend to say whether or not 
a particular individual is a good one. It may be the best of 
its kind or the poorest, and nothing in the pedigree would make 
the buyer the wiser. On this point he is dependent upon 
examination alone. 
The advanced registry, however, is a kind of second registra- 
tion, based upon performance, and is thus a guarantee of quality. 
Among horses it is based upon their track records,” and among 
dairy cows upon the amount of milk or butter fat made within 
a given length of time, according to an officially recognized test. 
A specimen of advanced registry taken from the Holstein- 
Friesian books runs as follows : 
1 In the Shorthorn books the dams still have-no numbers and must be 
designated in this awkward way. 
2 See the Year-Book. 
