184 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS AND PLANTS 
No. 4044 Jolie Johanna Clothilde De Kol 72194 
Jolie Johanna ‘ _ { Mutual Friend 3d’s Paul 148 A.R. 
Clothilde De Kol | DS $0 20'S MJ De Kol 2d 412 A.R.O. In 10 yr. 
4044 A.R.O. In sabia aimed oe 3 da. 21,261 lb. fat 
3 yr. 7 mo. 23 da. | Jolie Johanna Clothilde { Onyx Clothilde Pledge 23639 
11,508 lb. fat 52356 Jolie Onyx 43770 
Owned by W. C. Hunt, Liverpool, N.Y.; bred by George F. Carter, 
Syracuse, N.Y. Calved April 11, 1901. Official butter record: dropped calf 
December 4, 1904, at 3 yr. 7mo. 23 da. of age; commenced record January 17, 
1905; closed record January 23; 7 days’ production, 11 lb. 5 oz. butter fat; 
milk, 345.5 lb. Attested by L. L. Devereaux, Cornell University, Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station. 
The need of this kind of information is evident. The breeder, 
bent upon improvement, desires to buy and to keep the dest of 
a breed, not the poorest or even the medium. A glance at the 
table on page 156 will show that the mass will always be mediocre, 
and that while much excellence springs from mediocrity, it is 
relatively infrequent, so that if a man desires to breed excep- 
tional animals, he will get a larger proportion of such if he 
breeds from exceptional parents. 
Here is where the problems of the breeder differ from those 
of political science. A glance at the table cited will show that 
a hereditary monarchy is certain to run, not occasionally but 
frequently, into mediocrity for its ruler. Let stature stand a 
moment for genius or statesmanship. Then a ruler represented 
by 70.5 inches in the table is certainly well above the medium, 
but his son may be anything from above 73.2 and better than 
the father down to below 62.2, the minimum of the race. 
Republics, on the other hand, elect their rulers, that is, select 
them after birth and maturity, and have a chance to choose 
individuals above the mediocre, with no reference either to 
ancestry or descent, as the son is in nowise involved. This 
is why republics can have better average rulers. Though they 
are likely not to rise to the supreme height of some hereditary 
monarchs, they will never sink to the depths of others, and 
upon the whole they are safer. 
