192 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS AND PLANTS 
Source of sires. Suitable sires can be had of any of the rep- 
utable breeders that advertise in our best journals, and at fair 
prices. They will cost more than they are worth for veal, of 
course, but it should be remembered that the buyer is paying 
not so much for the animal as for the long line of breeding that 
he represents. Consult again the law of ancestral heredity in 
Chapter XII and understand fully why it is that a well-bred 
Fic. 31. Common rough (butcher) steer, $5.80 per hundredweight (1910) ; 
usual price, $4.25 per hundredweight 
After Mumford 
male, if only a few weeks old, is worth many times his ordinary 
market value and infinitely more than any scrub, no matter what 
his size, color, or other quality, which, like beauty, is in his case 
only ‘skin deep.” 
Herd improvement and breed improvement. Farmers are far 
more apt to practice crossing than grading, though it is vastly 
more expensive, and, as commonly practiced, leads to nothing, for 
