278 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS AND PLANTS 
2. Vitis labrusca, the northern fox or skunk grape. New 
England and southward to Georgia along the Allegheny high- 
lands. Parent of the Catawba, Concord, Isabella, Worden, and 
most of our commonly cultivated varieties. 
3. Vitis vulpina, the river-bank or frost grape, commonly 
known as [itis riparia. It is the common wild grape of the 
northern states east of the Mississippi, frequently hybridizes 
naturally with 1”, /abrusca eastward, where they overlap, and is 
the parent of the Clinton, Elvira, Pearl, and others.’ 
The unrivaled Catawba was found wild in the woods of 
extreme western North Carolina in 1842. Itis the great 
grape wherever it can be grown, and its seedling, the Diana, 
is an Oldtime favorite. 
A year later the Concord was discovered among some wild 
grapes that sprung up about the residence of Ephraim Bull at 
Concord, Massachusetts. The writer saw the original vine a 
few days ago (August, 1908) still growing by the little old home- 
stead, just beyond the homes of Hawthorne and the Alcotts. 
From the Concord have sprung the Worden, Moores Early, 
Pocklington, Eaton, and Rockland, of which the two first are 
famous. In the same way the Clinton and many other strains 
have come directly from the wild within the lifetime of men 
yet living, and many, by hybridizing, have given rise to yet other 
successful varieties. In this way have all the varieties of grapes 
grown in eastern or middle United States been produced directly 
from the wild and within the last generation. 
The thick-meated European grapes were found to succeed in 
California, and they now reach our tables from the fruit stands. 
However high in quality and however valuable for raisins or for 
wine, I am sure that the average palate prefers the juicy varieties, 
developed though but recently from the native stock of the 
American forest. 
1 The student is urged to pursue further in the admirable work of Bailey, 
“Origin of our Native Fruits,” pp. 1-126, the history, characteristics, and 
development of this greatest of American fruits. 
