280 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS AND PLANTS 
the wild raspberry of his locality." By 1867, however, the red 
varieties had increased to six, the black caps had been intro- 
duced under eleven varieties, one of which was an albino, and a 
series of purple varieties numbering five had come into favor. 
The black cap has always been the American favorite among 
raspberries, and it is right that the name of the man to whom 
we owe its introduction should become a household word wherever 
the raspberry is eaten. It was Nicholas Longworth? of Cincin- 
nati, who, as Professor Bailey puts it, was ‘‘ the same prophetic 
spirit that put American grape growing on its feet.” The first 
of these black-cap varieties was the Everbearing, which, by 
Mr. Longworth’s account, he ‘‘ found” in Ohio in full fruit and 
brought it into his garden, where it supplied his table ‘‘ from 
the beginning of June until frost.” 
The story of the raspberry is a story for the poetic historian, 
as it is also for the student of natural history and the farmer ; 
indeed, the story of the civilization of any great fruit or food crop 
is a chapter in the history of creation that any man may be 
proud to write and grateful to read. The temptation to dwell on 
fascinating details is almost overpowering, there is so much of 
human life and divine inspiration in it all; but it is quite aside 
from the present purpose, which is only to give a hasty outline 
sketch supplementary to the chief purpose in hand. 
The blackberry. This close relative of the raspberry is not 
cultivated in the Old World, and nothing in the genus Rudus. is 
mentioned by Candolle. The blackberry grows wild in Europe, 
but, like our huckleberry, has never been considered as a candi- 
date for cultivation. 
It gave much trouble in America before it would yield to the 
blandishments of the cultivator. Though flourishing remarkably 
in the wild over nearly all the eastern United States both north 
and south, it has been so shy of civilization that Professor Card 
has called it the ‘ gypsy of the fruits,” a name it undoubtedly 
1" Evolution of our Native Fruits,” pp. 287-289. 
? The great-grandfather of the present Congressman Longworth. 
