103 VESPERTILIONID^— PIPISTRELLUS 



and more prominent than the outer, while the anterior upper 

 premolar is moderately large and usually takes its place in the 

 tooth-row (Figs. 9 and 10, p. 108). 



Fig. 9.— Diagram of Arrangement of Teeth of Pipistrellus pipistrellm. 

 (i) Upper and (2) Lower Jaw. 



The genus includes a large number of species of wide 

 distribution, of which at least three occur extensively in 

 southern North America, from austral zones south to Vera 

 Cruz. In the Old World it is represented from Tasmania 

 — P. tasmaniensis (Gould) — to Ireland. The single British 

 representative is the well-known P. pipistrellus, which in the 

 east and south is replaced by the closely-allied P. abramus 

 (Temminck). The latter has a larger forearm (34 to 35 

 mm.), more naked muzzle, and the anterior upper pre- 

 molar so small as to be scarcely visible from without. It is 

 believed to range from Australia and Japan through the Malay 

 Peninsula, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, and India, migrating in 

 summer to central Europe, and has been reported from Cadillac, 

 Gironde, France (Trouessart, Le Naturaliste, 1879, 16, 125), 

 and Sweden. But its reputed occurrences in Europe should 

 no doubt be credited to P. nathusii (Keyserling and Blasius), 

 with light-coloured posterior wing-border and long lower 

 canine, described as of central Europe. Of other species, 

 P. kuhlii (Natterer), a southern form, also taken at Gironde,' 

 and with a sub-species reaching Cape Colony {P. kuhlii fuscatus 

 of Thomas), has the posterior border of the wings white and 

 the outer upper incisor minute ; P. savii (Bonaparte), a form of 

 wide Palaearctic range, with a representative — P. albolimbatus 

 (Kiister)— in Sardinia, and shown by Forsyth Major {A Hi de/la 



