INTRODUCTION xxiii 



can classify fishermen in various ways ; it is 

 convenient at times to divide them into " inshore " 

 or " longshore " men : these are such as work in 

 small boats and mostly within the territorial limits. 

 Opposed to them are the " offshore " or " deep- 

 sea " fishermen, whose area I have already indicated. 

 For our present purpose it is best to consider them as 

 " trawlers," " liners," " seiners," " drift-net fisher- 

 men," " shrimpers," and so on, according to the 

 method employed by them, and the kind of fish 

 sought for. Fishermen are now to a great extent 

 specialists ; but we may still find places where the 

 residents employ almost every method in turn, 

 according to season and opportunity. 



Trawling. — By far the greatest quantity of fish 

 landed at British ports is caught by the method 

 of trawling. This mode of fishing is of great 

 antiquity, and it is difficult to determine where it 

 was first commonly employed. The older form of 

 trawl-net is a triangular flat bag or purse of netting, 

 the mouth of which is from 20 to 50 feet wide, 

 and the length about 40 to 100 feet. This bag is 

 attached by its mouth to a beam of wood, which at 

 either end is fixed to a stirrup-shaped iron frame — 



London, Ed. Stanford, 1874. This work is rather old, but is, how- 

 ever, still very valuable. 



E. W. L. Holt, Grimsby Trawl Fishery and Destruction of 

 Immature Fish. Plymouth, Marine Biological Association, 1895. 



J. W. Collins, The Beam-trawl Industry of Great Britain, with 

 Notes on Beam-trawling in other European Countries, etc. " Bulletin 

 U.S. Fish Commission" for 1887 (1889), pp. 289-407. 



