TERMINOLOGY 2 I 



Air-sacs. — Membranous receptacles, filled with air, in communication witli the 



respiratory organs or passages. Pouches are often exaggerated air-sacs. 

 Alar bar. — A coloured bar across the wing (ala). 



AUantois. — A vascular sack, growing from the hind-gut of the embryo and 

 enclosed by the amnion ; the two fuse together and form the Chorion, 

 which lines the egg-shell, and takes upon itself respiratory functions. 

 Altriccs or Nidicolae. — Nestlings which, being hatched in a helpless condition, 



are fed by their jaarents or inhabit the nest for a considerable time. 

 Amnion. — A membrane which grows in the developing egg from the ends and 

 sides of the embryonic area, and encloses the embryo at an early period. 

 Bronchi (p. 13). 



Bronchial syrinx. — One in which outer tynipaniform membranes exist between 

 two or inoi'e successive bronchial semi-rings, while an inner tympaniform 

 membrane may also be present. In typical cases the trachea has no 

 sounding membranes. 

 Chest. — The same as the upper breast or base of fore-neck. 

 Chorion. — See AUantois. 



Compressed. — Used of lateral compression as opposed to vertical (depressed). 

 Coverts (tectrices). — Featheis that cover the base of" the quills {Bemiges, oar- 

 feathers) of the wing and of the tail (Rectrices, steering-feathers). The 

 wing exhibits several series above and below (greater, median, and lesser). 

 Unless otherwise specified, " coverts " in the text refer to upper coverts. 

 Ciibitals. — See Secondaries. 

 Cviiieate. — Wedge-shaped. 

 Decomposed (p. 3). 

 Depressed. — See Compressed.. 

 Distal. — That end of any part or member which is furthest from the 



imaginary centre or axis of the body. 

 Dorsal. — The upper side of the body ; and hence applied to the correspond- 

 ing surface of any part or parts of the structure. 

 Filoplumes. — Filamentous or hair-like feathers. 

 Flcmlcs. — The portion of the sides near the leg. 



Graduated.- — Used of the tail when its feathers diminish in length gradually. 

 Hackles. — Elongated and pointed feathers, as on the neck of Fowls. 

 Heterodactylous (p. 10). 



Hyoid Apparatus. — The bony and cartilaginous framework of the tongue. 

 Hypocleidium. — A projecting median process at the junction {symphysis) of 



the clavicles. 

 Lanceolate. — Used of the tongue and the feathers when pointed and lengthened. 

 Lore. — The space between the bill and the eye. 



Mantle. — The feathers of the upper back combined with the upper wing- 

 coverts. 

 Manuals. — See Primaries. 

 Nidicolae. — See Altrices. 

 NidAfugae. — See Praecoces. 

 Oil-glands. — Secretory organs near the root of the tail, probably used in 



oiling the plumage. Some exhibit tufts of feathers, others are naked. 

 Operculum (p. 11). 

 Pamprodactylons (p. 10). 



