SPFIENISCIDAE 57 



Kerguelen Laud, the Falklands, Crozets, Auckland, Macquarie, 

 Campbell, and other southern islands, apparently confounded with 

 the last-named under the title of A. patagonica, is distinguish- 

 able by the longer bill, more orange chest, and lack of feathers on 

 the sides of the mandible and metatarsus. The crowded breed- 

 ing grounds are flat spaces of hard soil covered with slime, and 

 are often quite apart from the general quarters. When disturbed 

 the birds utter a loud " urr-urr-urr," and run to the sea at a great 

 pace, maintaining an upright position ; while they pass to and 

 from the water singly, and not in flocks, as do other species."^ 

 The pyriform eggs are sometimes held up by the parents' feet. 

 Pygosccles taeniata, the " Gentoo," of similar but more restricted 

 range, is bluish-black above and on the throat, having the lower 

 parts, the margins of the flippers, and a band across the crown 

 white. Dense colonies are found both near the sea and several 

 miles inland, a regular path being often beaten down by the birds 

 traversing it in company ; the nests consist of a little herbage 

 in a hollow, or are small conical mounds of stones and clay, lined 

 with feathers and down, the oval eggs being frequently of unequal 

 size. The note is an unmelodious bark.^ P. adeliae inhabits the 

 icy regions of the far south. 



Splieniscus deviersus, the Cape Penguin or Jackass, ranging from 

 western South America to South Africa, has bluish-black upper 

 parts and throat, and white lower surface crossed by a blackish 

 band — or two in the variety magellanicus. The note is a harsh 

 bray ; the eggs are either deposited in burrows — presumably dug 

 by the parent itself — or, as on rocky islands near the Cape, in 

 nests of pebbles and rubbish, commonly placed under large stones.^ 

 S. {Eudypttda) minor is a bluer species with white throat, that 

 part being dark coloured in the whole Family except here and 

 in Uudyptes antarcticus ; it occupies the south of Australia and 

 the New Zealand area. The note is a loud croak or growl, and 

 the oval but somewhat pointed eggs are laid on a bed of leaves and 

 grass in an excavation in the soil or a crevice among rocks.* S. 

 mendiculus, the only tropical form, occurs in the Galapagos. 



The genus Eudyptes contains the crested " ^laccaroni " Pen- 



' Cf. Moseley, Rep. Voy. " Chalhncjcr," Zool. ii. 1880, Birds, p. 123. 

 ' Cf. Abbott, Ibis, 1860, p. 336 ; Sclater, op. cit. 1894, p. 501 ; and Eaton, Phil. 

 Trans, clxviii. 1879, pp. 154-157. 



' Cf. Abbott, ut supra, and Moseley, op. cit. pp. 124, 125. 

 ^ Buller, Birds of Neto Zealand, 2nd ed. 1888, p. 301. 



