450 CORACIIFORMES 



the anterior under parts are crimson, the posterior scarlet, these 

 being divided by a black pectoral band, and relieved by yellowish 

 patches on the sides ; the bill is reddish -yellow, the naked orbits 

 are orange. Tricliolaema leuco^nelan of South Africa is blue- 

 black above, with plentiful yellow and scanty white markings, 

 but white below with black throat. The forehead is crimson, 

 the eyebrow and orbits are yellow, the bill is blackish. The 

 breast-feathers have hair-like shafts. Gymnolucco calvus of West 

 Africa is brown with paler streaks ; having the bill and chin- 

 bristles yellowish, and browner bristles round the nostrils in at 

 least one sex. The naked head is blue. Barhatula, of the Ethiopian 

 Eegion generally, contains a dozen small species, which exhibit 

 soft loose plumage of black, varied with red, yellow, or white. 

 B. minuia, extending from ISTorth-East Africa to Senegambia, has 

 the forehead scarlet, the rump and under surface yellowish, the 

 bill black, and somewhat scanty bristles. Stactolaema ancliietae 

 of Benguela, and S. olivaceum of East Africa, are respectively 

 brown with yellowish head and throat, and olive-green with 

 those parts blackish. The bill is black. Calorhamphus liayi, 

 found from South Tenasserim to Sumatra, is yellowish -brown 

 above and yellowish-white below, with black-shafted spiny crown- 

 feathers, rufous throat, black bill, reddish orbits and no chin- 

 bristles. C. fuliginosus of Borneo is similar. Megalaema, Choto- 

 rhea, Cyanops and Mesobucco, with about thirty members in all, 

 extend from India and Ceylon to China, Formosa, Hainan, and 

 the Great Sunda Islands. They are soft-plumaged green birds, 

 having parti-coloured heads and throats tinted with blue, yellow, 

 red, and black, or merely brown and white ; the bill and feet 

 are yellowish, greenish, or black. The bristles vary in their 

 development. Psilopogon pyrolophus, of the mountains of the 

 Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, is green, with a black forehead, a 

 brownish head crossed by a greyish-white band, and a double belt 

 of yellow and black below the green throat. The long nasal 

 bristles are black, tipped with scarlet ; the superciliary stripe and 

 lower eye-lid are green ; the upper eye-lid is yellow ; the bill is 

 yellowish-green with black central band ; the legs and orbits are 

 greenish. The unusually long tail is much graduated, and has 

 pointed median rectrices, while these are square in some ten Ethi- 

 opian species of Trachyphonus, where the tail is similar. T. cafer 

 of South-East Africa is bluish-black above with white markings ; 



