PICIDAE 



463 



head, crest and rump, black tail, neck and wings, and dark brown 

 under parts with white spots. Celeus ranges from Mexico to 

 South Brazil, C. Jlavus being canary-yellow with brown tail and 

 wings, a large crest of the former colour, and a crimson stripe at 

 the gape. This genus, and the five following, are characterized 

 by having the neck extremely narrow- and compressed. 



Campephilus, ranging from the Gulf States and the Lower 

 . ]\f ississippi to Argen- 

 tina, and Ipocrantor, 

 of Chili and Pata- 

 gonia, are noticeable 

 for the concave ends 

 of their tail-feathers. 

 C. principalis, the 

 Ivory -billed Wood- 

 pecker of the 

 Southern "United 

 States — almost the 

 largest member of the 



Family — frequents 

 the highest timber, 

 where, according to 

 Wilson, it used to 

 strip off cart - loads 

 of bark, and make 

 huge quantities of 

 chips. It appears, 

 however, that it only 

 attacked trees infested by 

 insect-larvae. When it was 

 common the Indians used the 

 head as a charm, and con- 

 sidered that it gave them the 



creature's courage. 



Fig. 96. — Great Black Woodpecker. Picus 

 martius. x-J-. CFTOia Bird Life in Sweden.) 



Its main 

 colour is bluish-black with white wing-markings ; the crimson and 

 black occipital feathers together forming a long crest. Both this 

 bird and the Pileated Woodpecker of North America {Dryotomus 

 pileatus) are locally known as " Log-cocks," with which name may 



be compared that of " Stock-eagle," 



Stump-eagle,'' given in 



the West of England to the Greater Spotted Woodpecker. Ipo- 



