4 BIEDS. 



C. uniappendiculaius. 65". Head, throat, and hind neck blue. Single pear-shaped 

 caruncle on middle of fore neck yellow. New Guinea. 



C. occipitalis. Legs and bill dark olive — similar to C. uniappendiculaius, but has a triangular 

 yellow patch on occiput. Jobl. 



C. papuanus. 55". Head, throat, and fore neck blue. Casque blackish, like a triangular 

 pyramid. No caruncles. N. W. New Guinea. 



C. picticollis. 55". Allied to C. papuanus, but throat is red, and lower neck light blue. 

 S.E. New Guinea. 



C. bennetti. 53". Head and neck blue. Casque black. New Britain. 



Order APTERYGES. 



Four toes with claws long and acute. New Zealand. 



FamUy APTERYGID^. Kiwis. 



The smallest of the Batiice. Hind toe as well as the three other digits of the foot. Legs 

 and feet stout. Claws long, curved, and sharp-pointed. Bill greatly elongated, with nostrils 

 near the tip. Lengthened hairs at base of bill. Plumage hair-like. No after shaft. Wings 

 rudimentary and covered with feathers. No tail. Nocturnal in their habits, and feed mainly 

 on worms. Eggs few in number, white, and remarkably large for the size of the bird. 



Genus APTERYX. 



General plumage brown, edged darker or greyish brown, with light bars. Six species. 



A. oMstralis. i 23" 9 27". Legs dark brown. Bill 3-75", white. Head, neck, and breast 

 grey-brown, tipped rufous and edged blackish. South Island. 



A. lawryi. $ 30J" 9 33". Similar to A. australis. Bill 5i". Rudimentary wings, 

 with long and slightly curved claw. Stewart Island. 



A. mantelli. S 22" 9 25"-27". Similar to A, australis, but darker and more rufous. 

 Upper feathers with stiffened points. North Island. 



A. oweni. $ 12i" 9 20". Legs pale brown. Bill 2-85", dark. Plumage grey, banded 

 white. E. coast of South Island. 



A. occidentalis. Similar to A. oweni, but as large as A. australis. Feathers barred black. 

 W. coasts of North and South Islands. 



A. haasti. S 25" 9 27". Similar to A. oweni, but darker, with the light bands broader. 

 Central South Island, and W. of North Island. 



FLIGHTLESS BIRDS. 



Although the power of flight is very general in birds, it is by no means 

 universal in the class, several species of different groups having wings too small 

 and weak to raise the body from the ground. Among these are the Dodos, Pen- 

 guins, some Auks and Bails, and all the Ratitce, or birds with a flat or keelless 

 sternum (including the various forms of Ostrich, Khea, Cassowary, Emeu, Apteryx, 

 and Dinornis.) 



FOSSIL BIRDS. 



Among Oolitic birds mention has already been made of the ArchcBopteryx 

 (p. 1). 



Those from the Cretaceous or chalky fresh-water formation are rare. Chiefly 

 they consist of six genera from the United States of America. Odontornithes, 

 about the size of a Pigeon, possibly possessing teeth ; a second belonging to the 

 Steganopodes (Pelicans, etc.); a third related to the Colymlidm (Divers, etc.); a 

 fourth nearly as large as a Swan, still undetermined; a fifth to the Limicolce 

 (Plovers, etc.) ; and a sixth to the Rallidce (Eails, etc.). 



