(22) Coracomorphce (the Passerines) 



8 . BIEDS. 



(14) Pterodomorphce (the Sand-Grouse). 



(15) Peristeromorphce (the Figeons) \^; • ,_ 



,Tr -r. \ f Pigeons and Doves. 



(^LlepuTTcpa — a JDove.) I ° 



(16) Heteromorphce (the Hoatzins). 



(17) Coccygomorphce (part) (the Goatsuckers). - 



(C) The .(Egithognath^ (Aiyi^os — a Sparrow), or birds with vomer narrow 

 behind, truncated in front, (ii.) maxillo-palatines free (a) (typical skull, G. eorax, 

 the Raven), embracing five groups of allied families, viz. — 



(18) TrochilomorpTuB (the Humming Birds). 



(19) Geranomorphce (part) Thinocorince, American Shore Plovers. 



(20) Turnicomorphoi (the Hemipodes). Bustard and Button Quails. 



(21) Gypselomorphce (the Swifts). 



Orioles, Starlings, Tits, "Waxwings, Dippers, 



Wrens, Eavens, Crows, Jays, Magpies, 

 Finches, Sparrows, Wagtails, Swallows, 

 Shrikes, Larks, Thrushes, etc. 



(D) The SAUROGNATHa!, Or birds with vomer narrow behind, the vomerine 

 halves permanently distinct and maxillo-palatines arrested (/3). 



(23) Celeomorphce (the Woodpeckers). Woodpeckers and Wrynecks. 



(E) The Desmognath^ (8ecr/i&s — a bond), or birds with vomer small or none, 

 but when it exists, pointed in front, maxillo-palatines united (y) (typical skull, 

 N. crecca, the common Teal), embracing seven groups of allied families ; viz. — 



(24) mormrphm (the birds of Prey).{^^^^;^^*;' Owls. Vultures, Hawks, Falcons, 



(25) PsittaeomorphcB (the Parrots). 



(26) Coccygomorphce (part) (the Cuckoos, Kingfishers, and Trogons). 



(27) Ghenomorphce (the Anserine i ■, -r. , , ^ 



■L- J \ J-Swans, Geese, Ducks, Pochards, Smews, etc. 



(28) Amphimorphce (the Flamingoes). 



(29) Pelargomorphce (the Storks). (^^^«^^' SpoonbiUs, Storks, Herons, Egrets, 



I Bitterns, etc. 



(Pelicans, Frigate Birds, Cormorants, Dar- 



(30) ZJ^^P^womoTyftoB (the Cormorants), J ters, Gannets, Boobies, Tropic Birds, 



( etc. 



" The above scheme is a nail in a sure place, and on it for the present we may 

 hang all that we know or are learning of the anatomical structure of this class 

 of Vertebrates. That which relates to the Garinatce must be regarded merely as 

 a list of birds having a similar facial structure. For the general ornithologist it 

 is very suggestive and helpful, and will save him from looking merely on outward 

 appearances ; for the study of structure and development is looking into the 

 heart of the matter." 



For more easy reference and correction, if necessary, a table is here inserted. 



