62 LYKUKUS.— FALCIPENNIS. 



Changes of plumage are similar to those of L. mutus, but the black markings on the summer 

 plumage of the male are much bolder, and in winter the black lores are wanting. Seldom 

 found at a lower altitude than 8,000 or 9,000 feet at any time. Summits of Rocky Mountains, 

 from Alaska to N. Mexico. Eggs (1-75 x 1-2) salmon-buff, blotched chocolate. 



Genus LYRURUS. Black Grouse. 



Feet feathered, but toes naked and pectinate at sides. Tail of eighteen feathers, laterals 

 curved outwards at extremities. Remiges twenty-five. Twp species. 



' L. tetrix. i 23J". 9 17". The Black Grouse. (Black cock and grey hen.) Plumage 

 mostly black. White bar on wing. Under tail-coverts white. Female : Chestnut, freckled 

 black. During the autumnal moult, when males are incapable of flight, they assume the female 

 garb, and the throat then becomes white. The young male attains the black adult plumage 

 at the first autumnal moult, and by December resembles the old male. Barren females assume 

 male plumage and the white throat. Polygamous. Perch on trees. From Great Britain to 

 N.E. Siberia, southwards to the Pyrenees, N. Italy, N. Caucasus, Tian Shan Mountains, and 

 Pekin. Six to ten eggs (2-0 x 1-4), buff, spotted red-brown ; hatching the eggs and rearing 

 the young being exclusively the task of the females. Hybrids between the Black Cock and 

 female Capercailzie (so-called Tetrao medius) are not uncommon. 



i. mlokosiewiczi. <J 20". $ 16J". The Caucasian Black Grouse. Plumage entirely black. 

 — Female : Rufous and buff, barred black. Young males retain hen -like plumage throughout first 

 year, and probably till second moult. Caucasus. 



Genus TETRAO. Capercailzies. 



Tail slightly rounded of eighteen feathers. Remiges twenty-nine. Extinct in Ireland and 

 Scotland about 1760, and reintroduced from Sweden into Scotland since 1837. Three species. 



T. urogallus. S 35". 9 25". Weight 9 to 12 lbs. The Capercailzie. Above dark grey. 

 Black chin-feathers forming a sort of beard. Metallic green chest-band. Breast and belly 

 black. — Female: Back rufous, barred black. Breast and belly buff, barred black. Tail-feathers 

 tipped white. Polygamous. In pine forests from Scotland to Lake Baikal, and south to 

 Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, N.E. Turkestan, and the Altai Mountains. Five to fifteen eggs 

 (1.25 X 1-65), light brown, spotted red-brown. 



T. uralensis. A subspecies similar to T, urogallus, but mantle and back grey, finely 

 mottled black. Breast and belly mostly white. Ural Mountains. 



T. parvirostris. i 35". 9 25". The Slender-billed Capercailzie. Mantle brownish black, 

 not barred. White tips of shoulder-feathers forming a line of white spots. — Female: Mantle 

 barred black. Breast and belly black, barred buff, tipped white. White line on shoulder 

 broken. N.E. Siberia and Saghalien Island. 



T. kamschaticus. S 30". 9 22", Like T. parvirostris, but in females the white shoulder 

 line is unbroken. Kamschatka. 



With toes naked and pectinate on the sides. 

 Genus CANACHITES. Canadian Grouse. 



Tail of sixteen feathers, rounded. Two species from N. America. 



G. canadensis. $ 15^". 9 14". The Canadian Grouse. Upper parts black barred brownish 

 grey. Upper tail-coverts edged and tipped grey. Tail with terminal red band. Chin, throat, 

 and below black. — Female : Chin and throat rufous, spotted black. Neck and chest black, 

 barred rusty. Below the same, but tipped white. Frequent dense thickets and evergreen 

 woods. Monogamous. Pairing begins end of April. E. of Rocky Mountains. Seven to 

 thirteen eggs (1-75 x 1-25), reddish buff, heavily blotched dark brown. 



G. franklini. Franklin's Grouse. Similar to G. canadensis, but upper tail-coverts tipped 

 white and no terminal tail-band. W. of Rocky Mountains. Densely timbered mountain 

 ranges from 5,000 to 9,000 feet altitude. 



Genus FALCIPENNIS. Sharp-wingbd Grouse. 



Tail of sixteen feathers, rounded. Outer quills attenuated and sickle-shaped. One species. 



F. falcipennis. S 16j". 9 l^f". The Sharp-winged Grouse. Chest uniform smoky black. 

 — Female : Chest black, barred buff. Regarded as the representative form of C. canadensis in 

 the Old World. N.E. Siberia, Kamschatka, and Saghalien Island. 



