Order. 

 / OSALLS. — Hind toe 

 when present slightly 

 raised. Legs generally 

 long, tibia partly bare. 

 Schizognathons. 

 Breast-bone with one 

 or with two notches on 

 each side of posterior 

 margin (Grues except- 

 ed). Oil-gland tufted 

 or none. Young 

 hatched covered with 

 down and able to run 

 {Heliomithidce except- 

 ed). Eggs double- . 

 spotted ... . - \ 



3 



Eh 



Suborder. 



f VLICABLE. — Hind toe present and raised {JUesUidae 

 excepted). Single notch on each side of posterior ■ 

 margin of breast-bone. Oil-gland tufted 



GSVES — Hind toe present. No notches on posterior 

 margin of breast-bone {Eurypygida excepted). Oil- 

 gland tufted 



OXIDES. — No hind toe. Two small notches on each side 

 of posterior margin of breast-bone. No oil-gland 



de f 



t^mily. 



SAI1LID.S — Eectrices 12 to 14. Sm^ after-shaft. 5th secondary wanting 



MXSITIDJE. — Rectriees 16. Hind toi on ^ame level as others 



HELIOBNITHIDJE — Rectriees 18. ifter-shaft. 5tli secondary usually present ... 



OBUISiE. — Rectriees 12. Plumage gfey or white 



ABAHIDiE. — Rectriees 12. 1st primiry sickle-shaped and spatulate at tip 

 ETTSTPTGID.S — Rectriees 12. Breasj-bone with notches. Fed by parents for a time 

 BHIBTOCHETIDJE — Eectrices 12. Innisr secondaf ies longer than primaries. After-shaft 



FS0FHIIO.S — Rectriees 10. No after-shaft 



OTITID.ffi — Rectriees 16 to 20. 

 game-like ... 



Subfiunlly. 



EALLIN.ffl.— No frontal plat( 

 streaked or banded. Sexes i 



GALLINULIN.®.— With fro 

 Plumage uniform. Sexes di 



5tl; secondary wanting. Plumage mottled and 



LIHICOL£.— Hind toe 

 present or wanting. 

 Toes partially webbed 

 or not at all. Tibia 

 partly bare. Schizog- 

 nathous. Breast-bone 

 usually with two 

 notches on each side 

 of posterior margin of 

 breast - bone (several 

 exceptions with only 

 one). Oil-glandtufted. 

 Young hatched covered 

 with down and able to 

 run. Eggs double - 

 spotted 



(EOICHXKIJ).S — No hind toe. Mid claw not pectinated. Eyes large 



I)S0HAI>I1>.S. — Hind toe raised. Iocs long, much webbed. Mid claw notched 



Mid claw pec- ( CURSORIIN.S;.— No hind toe 



6LAEE0Ln).X — With oi: without hind toe. Nostrils impervious. 



tinated. Tarsus transversely sealed all round 



PABBID.S. — Four long toes with long claws. Wings spurred 



)ec- / 



GLAREOLIN.®.— With hind 



CHABASBIIDf.- 



retieulated... 



-With or without hind toe. Toes moderate. Tarsus usually 



CHAKADRIIN.ffi. — Hind to 

 wanting. Anterior toes scs 

 neeted. Tarsus always reti< 

 hind 



H.SMATOPODINJE.— No hii 

 curvirostra excepted). Anf 

 slightly webbed. Tarsus 1 

 No distinct summer plumag 



TOTANIN.I;.— With hind toi 

 excepted). Anterior toes fn 

 or lobed. Tarsus transversi 

 lated all rounS (Numenius 

 Plumage in summer and wint 

 Sexes alike {Pavoncella excep 



SOOLOPACIN.S:.— Hind toe. 

 toes cleft to base. Tarsus acatella 

 Plumage rich, streaked black and 



CHIOKISID.S — Hind toe. Membrane between third and fourth toes. Tarsus 



reticulated all round. Bill complex. Plumage white 



THIirOCOBYTHII).S — Hind toe. Small membrane between third and fourth toes. 



Tarsus reticulated all round. Bill without sheath. Plumage game 



/ PLATALEa:.— Sternum with two notches on each side of r IBIDIS2 Bill curved downwards. Anterior toes webbed at base. Reniiges 25... 



posterior margin. Hind toe on same plane as others. (^ PLATALEIDJE.— Bill straight, flattened, dilated at end. Remiges 30 



CICOSTIS. — Sternum with one notch on each side of pos- I 

 terior margin. Hallux raised (variable height) 



HEBODIOITES. — Hind 

 toe on same level as 

 others (except in 

 Storks). Bill, neck, 

 and leg long. Tibia 

 partly bare (except in a 

 few Herons). Desmog- 

 nathous. Breast-bone 

 has two notches or one 

 notch oil each side of 

 posterior margin. Oil- 

 gland tufted. Young 

 helpless at birth. Eggs 

 with or without spots. 



i 



CIC0NIIS2! — Bill long, straight, and without grooves ; no dertral hook. Anterior 

 toes webbed. No powder-down patches. Mid claw not pectinated 



I 



ABDE.S.— Sternum 

 posterior margin. 



with one notch on each side of 

 Hind toe on same plane 



ABI)EID.S. — Bill slender, straight, grooved at each side. Notcjied, with no dertral 

 hook. Web between fourth and third toes ; that between second and third obsolete. 

 Powder-down patches. Loral space bare. Mid claw pectinated 



BALJENICIPITISJE.— Hind toe on same plane as others, 

 Cnlmen flattened, grooved for whole length with der 

 tral hook. Anterior toes not webbed. Two powder 

 down patches. Loral space bare 



SCOPIOJE. — Hind toe on same plane as others, Culmen 

 narrow, grooved for whole length with dertral hook, 

 All anterior toes webbed. No powder-down patches, 

 Loral space feathered 



