172 TOTANUS. 



back white. — In summer : Beneath small, round, black spots. Breeds in S.E. 

 France, S. Eussia, C. Asia, and S. Siberia, and ranges in winter to Africa, S. 

 Asia, Malay Archipelago, and Australia, India, Burma, and Ceylon. (J. 895. 

 B. 1463.) 



167. Totanus hypoleucos. The Common Sandpiper, or Summer Snipe. 



SypoUucos=iir6\cvKos, which generally = whitish (pale from the ordinary sense of iir6 in 

 composition, "somewhat"), but here plainly = white underneath. It was the bird's common 

 mediaeval name. 



Potti ulanka (Telugu) ; Kotan, Ceylon. 



^ 7f" to 8^". Legs pale green. Bill 1", dusky. In winter and summer the 

 same. Above and four central tail-feathers glossed green. No white on rump. 

 Lateral tail tipped and barred white. Eemiges twenty -four. Quills, except first, with 

 spot on inner web. The greater part of the Old World, and migrating in winter 

 to S. Africa, S. Asia, and Australia. Common throughout India, Burma, and 

 Ceylon in cold season. Four eggs (1-4:1 x 1-06), bufi', with black specks. (J. 893. 

 B. 1460.) 



167. Totanus hypoUvAxs. 21,8.75. 



163. Totanus ochropus. The Green Sandpiper. 

 Ochropus, from cixP'5s=P*le yellow, and 7ro5i=a foot. 

 Nella ulanka (Telugu). 



(J 9f" to lOJ". Legs green. Bill 1|", green, tip black. — In winter : Above 

 ashy, tinged green, with edging of small white spots. Lower back brown. Upper 

 tail-coverts white. Tail, basal third white, rest white, barred brown. Axillaries 

 white, with brown bars. Eemiges, twenty-nine. — In summer: Darker, greener, 

 and more spotted. Breeds in the north, and winters in Africa, S. Asia, and 

 Malay Archipelago. Common throughout N. India in cold weather. Four eggs 

 (1-5 X M), huffish green, spotted brown. (J. 892. B. 1462.) 



169. Totanus calidris. The Common Eed-shanes. 



Kd\i5pi.s or <r/t(iXiSpis=a speckled water-bird, in Aristotle. 



Chota battan, India. 



(J 10 J" to 11 J"; 6 oz. Legs pale red. Bill 1^", red, tip dusky. Supercilia 

 from the bill white. Above brown. Inner margin of primaries mottled white. 

 Lower back white. Secondaries white. Known in flight by white on wing. 



