^34 PHALACEOCOEACID^. 



268. Pelecanus rufescens. The Ebd-baoked Pelican. 



3^ 58''. Legs yellowish. Bill yellowish., nail orange. Pouch flesh -colour, 

 with transverse parallel yellow lines. Resembles P, pMUppensis, but the sides of 

 upper mandible are without spots. Feathers of head and neck narrow and 

 straight. Lower back and rump vinaceous. Tail of twenty feathers. Africa, 

 south of 16° N. lat., Aden. 



Also with general colour of under parts hrown : — 



P. fuscus. S 52". 9 49"- With back of neck velvety brown in breeding season and 

 white in winter. Pouch olive-brown. Legs black. Bill grey, irregularly spotted carmine. 

 Tail of twenty-two feathers. Orbital skin blue. From Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. 



P. califomicMS. Resembles P. fuscus. Orbital skin brown. From Pacific coast of N. America. 



P. thagus. 60". Similar to P. fuscus. With straw-coloured occipital crest about 2^" long. 

 Under parts finely streaked with white. Base of bill and sides of forehead covered with warty 

 carunculations. Bill yellow, sides and tip of both mandibles red. Pouch black, with blue 

 stripes. Legs slate. Tail of twenty-two feathers. Pacific coast of S. America. 



(ii.) Also with base of lower mandible feathered:— 



P. erythrorhynchus, 60". Culmen ornamented with horny excrescences in breeding season. 

 General plumage pure white. Naked skin round eye orange. Bill orange. Pouch pale yellow. 

 Legs orange. Tail of twenty-four feathers. Temperate N. America, and south in winter to 

 C. America. 



Also with ring of feathers surrounding naked orbital space : — 



P. conspicillatus. 60". General colour pure white. Quills and their coverts, scapulars, and 

 rump black. Tail of twenty -two feathers black. Bill yellow. Pouch yellow. Legs yellowish. 

 Australia and Tasmania, ranging north to New Guinea. 



FamUy PHALACEOCOEACIDiE (Diving Fishees). Coemoeants 



and Daetees. 



BiU hooked at tip with smooth margins, or straight and pointed with toothed 

 margins. Nostrils nearly obsolete. Plumage blackish. Tail of twelve or four- 

 teen stiff feathers. After-shaft wanting. "Web between toes not emarginate. 



Subfamily PHALACEOooEACiNiE. Coemoeants. 



Bill hooked at tip, margins of commissure smooth. Almost world-wide, but 

 absent from C. Pacific. 



Genus PHALACROCORAX. 



BiU with narrow groove on each side, tip sharply hooked. Nostrils rudimen- 

 tary. Under mandible truncated. Cuneate tail of twelve to fourteen stiff 

 feathers. A gular pouch naked anteriorly. Second quill generally longest. 



(i.) Tail of fourteen feathers. 



269. Phalacrocoraz carbo. The Large Cormorant. 

 Cario=a, coal ; perhaps from the bird's sooty blackness. 



Jal-kowa, India; Wadda-silli, Sind; Bonta-kaki (Telugu) ; Tin-gyi, Burma. 



(J 32" to 36". Legs black. Bill from gape 3f", brownish. Small pointed 

 nuchal crest black. General colour bronze, with black edges. — In summer: White 

 spot on thigh-coverts. Head and neck with white and hair-like plumes. In 

 females the plume is larger. Europe, Africa, Asia, India, Ceylon, Burma, 



