CLANGULA. 283 



Primaries uniform dark brown. 



Genus CLANGULA. 



ClangUla, from clango=re:so\mA, clank; diminutive of danga; KKayy/i = clangor, 3,Jiy sharp 

 sound, especially the scream of Cranes. 



Head crested full and puffy. Differ from other Sea-Ducks in preferring fresh 

 water. Bill short and tapering slightly. Lamellse short, stout, and not close 

 together. Tail much rounded, of sixteen feathers. Tarsus scutellate in front. 

 Hind toe broadly lobed. Northern Hemisphere. 



321. Clangula glaucion. The Garrot or Golden-eyed Pochard. 



Glauc'ion=y\aiKi.ov, a grey-eyed water-hird in Athenseus, 395 B.C.; from 7Xoi'k6s= bluish- 

 grey. Generally Latinised into glaucium hy pre-Linnsean writers, and always by botanists, 

 including Linnaeus. 



i 16" to 19" ; 2 to 2| lbs. $ 15J" to l^" ; 1^ to 2 lbs. Legs yellow. BUI 

 bluish. Head black-green, with white mouth-patch. Neck, breast, and below white. 

 Back and tail black. Eemiges twenty-six. — Female: Head and upper neck brown. 

 Imperfect collar white. Breeds in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, and migrates in 

 winter to S. Europe, N. Africa, Persia, N. India (rare), China, and the United 

 States of America. Ten to nineteen eggs (2-3 x 1-6), pale green. (B. 1610. 

 H. & M. iii. 285.) 



Also C. islandica. 20". The Iceland Duck. Legs yellow. Bill plumbeous. Head and 

 neck glossy blue-black. Triangular white patch across lores. Back, rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 and wing black. Long white patch on wing. Tail dark grey. Iceland, migrating to N . America 

 and occasionally to Europe. 



C. albeola. 12i". The Buffel-headed Duck. Legs pink. Bill bluish black. Head and 

 upper neck metallic green, bronze, and violet. Patch of white from eye to occiput. Neck all 

 round, breast, and below white. — Female : Head, neck, and above grey-brown. Ear-coverts 

 white. N. America. 



Also the genus Sarelda. With crest and central tail long and pointed. Edges of upper 

 mandible partly bent inwardly. One species, viz. — 



IT. glacialis. 22". The Long-tailed Duck. Legs blue. Bill pinkish, with base and tip 

 dark grey. Head and neck white. Forehead and sides of head grey. Dark oval patch on 

 each side of neck, above black. Bemiges twenty-six. Beneath white. Central tail black, 

 laterals white. — Female: 16". Forehead, crown, and nape brown. White neck-ring. Arctic 

 regions, visiting in winter the Caspian, Asia, N. Japan, China, N. America. Eggs (21 x 1-5) 

 pale olive. 



Also the genus Cosmoneita. With no distinct crest. Bill conical, almost tapering to a 

 point. One species, viz. — 



C. Mstrionica. 17 J". The Harlequin Duck. Legs brown. Bill blue. A black band from 

 base of bill over the crown to occiput margined white in front and chestnut behind. Broad 

 patch of white at base of bill. Spot on ear-coverts and a band on side of neck white. Lower 

 neck with white collar and a white cresoentic band on side of breast. Speculum blue. General 

 plumage slate colour. — Female: Above brown. White patch in front and below eye and on 

 ear-coverts. Iceland, N. America, and N.E. Asia, south in winter to Europe, California, and 

 Japan. Said to breed in the Ural. Eggs (2-2 x 1-6) buff. 



Also the genus CSdemia. General plumage of males black, and of the females grey-brown, 

 but not barred. Six species, viz. — 



(B. nigra. 20". The Common Scoter. Legs black. Bill black, with yellow patch round 

 nostrils, and a bulb at base. All black. Eemiges twenty-six.^ Tail of sixteen feathers. 

 N. Palsearctic region, winters in the Baltic and on coasts of W. Europe, and occasionally the 

 Azores and the Mediterranean. Six to nine eggs (2'6 x 1-7), sandy buff. 



(E. americana. 17" to 21J". Similar to CE. nigra, but basal half of upper mandible, 

 including knob, yellow. N. America and N.E. Asia, migrating south to California and Japan. 



(B. fusca. 22". The Velvet Scoter. Legs crimson. Bill orange. All black, except a small 



