284 CLANGULA.— EEISMATURA. 



white patch under eye and white wing-band. — Female: Sooty, no white on head. N. Palaearetio 

 region, south in winter to Europe, Black Sea and Caspian. Occasional in Greenland. 



CE. deglandi. 20" to 23". Similar to CE. fusca, but flanks are olive-brown. N. America, 

 in winter south to the Great Lakes. 



(E. carlo. Similar to CE. deglandi, but black more intense. N.E. Asia, south in winter to 

 Japan and China. 



CE. perspidllata. 21". The Surf Scoter. All black, except patches of white on forehead 

 and nape. 



Also the genus Tachyeres, With central tail narrow, short, and curled up. One species, 

 viz. — 



T. cinereus. 30". The Loggerhead. Legs orange. Bill orange, nail black. Alar tubercles 

 orange. Head and neck grey. Red patch on throat. Above grey, banded darker. Abdomen 

 white. Straits of Magellan and Falkland Isles. 



Also the genus Campiolaimus. With some patches of stiff feathers on the cheeks. One 

 species, viz. — 



C. labradorius. 22". The Labrador Duck. Legs yellow. Bill blue, sides of base and 

 edges orange, rest black. Lower mandible spatulate. Head, neck, throat, scapulars, and 

 wings (except primaries) white. Neck-collar, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, and below 

 black. Kow supposed to be extinct. Formerly N. Atlantic coast of N. America. 



Also the genus Heniconetta. With edges of upper mandible bent inwardly, end of lower 

 mandible spatulate, and metallic speculum in both sexes. One species, viz. — 



H. stelleri. 18". The Rufous-breasted Eider Duck. Legs dark grey. Bill lead colour, 

 tip white. Head and neck white. Lores and short tuft olive. Eye-space, spot on tuft, and 

 neck-collar black. Chin and throat black, followed by two white rings. Above black. Below 

 tawny. Black spot on each side of breast. Tertials more or less falcate. Arctic and sub-Arctic 

 coast, occasionally found in temperate Europe. 



Also the genus Arctonetta. With a pad of feathers encircling the eyes. One species, viz. — 



A, fischeri. 21J". The Blue-eyed Duck. Legs olive. Bill orange. Crown and occiput 

 with hood of stiffened hair-like green feathers. White pad on orbits bordered black in front 

 and behind. Dark green stripe below the eye. Throat, neck, back, and falcated tertials, and 

 a patch on each side of rump white. Bump, upper tail-coverts, and below smoky grey. Alaska. 



Also the genus Somateria. With lores separated from forehead by a bare space. Bill rather 

 narrow and pointed. Inner secondaries sickle-shaped. Four species, viz. — 



S. mollissima. 22". The Common Eider Duck. Legs light olive. Bill olive, nail brownish 

 white. » Crown black, with white central line. Nape with stiff pale green feathers. Cheeks, 

 neck, back, and scapulars white. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts black. Throat white. 

 Below black. — Female: Dark brown, with white tips to some of the secondaries and the greater 

 wing-coverta. From Iceland to the Kara Sea, migrating to the Baltic, North Sea, English 

 Channel, and occasionally S. Europe. Eggs (31 x 20) greenish buff. Corresponds with 

 S. borealis, the Nearotic form from E. Arctic America. 



S. dresseri. Similar to S. mollissima, but throat with a V-shaped dusky mark. Atlantic 

 coast of N. America, south in winter to the Great Lakes. 



S. V. nigrum,. Similar to S. dresseri, but throat mark is black. N.W. America and 

 N.E. Asia. 



S. spectabilis. 24". The King Eider. Legs orange. Bill with basal tubercles orange. Crown 

 grey. Black line of feathers round base of bill. Black spot under eye. Cheeks, throat, upper 

 neck and upper back white. Narrow black chevron under the chin. Breast buff. Upper tail- 

 coverts, tail, and under parts black-brown. Arctic regions, migrating south in winter to 

 California, and' rarely to British Isles, France, and Scandinavia. Eggs (2-5 x 1-8) greenish 

 yellow. 



Subfamily Eeismatuein.e. Stiff-tailed Diving Ducks. 



Bill more or less depressed. Hind toe broadly lobed. Tail-feathers narrow, 

 and very stiff. 



Genus ERISMATURA. 

 Bill with upper mandible swollen at base, upper mandible overlapping the lower, 

 nail very small, bent inwards. Lamellae coarse. Stiff and pointed tail of eighteen 

 feathers. Hind toe broadly lobed. Feet large. 



