PYGOPODES. 287 



Also the subfamily MBEGANBTTiNiE. Tokeent Ducks. 



Tail rather long and stiff. No tooth-like serrations on edge of mandible. Three genera, viz. — 



The genus Salvadorina. With prominent lamellae. Wing with a distinct speculum. One 

 species, viz. — 



S. waiginensis. 17i". Legs yellow. Bill brown, nail yellow. Head and neck dark brown, 

 edged paler. Chin white. Above black, barred white. Below buff, spotted brown. Speculum 

 white, black and white. Waigiou. 



The genus Symenolcemus. Similar to Salvadorina, but no wing-speculum. One species, viz. — 



S. malacorhynckus. 19". Legs dark brown. Bill white, tip and edge black. General 

 plumage lead-blue. Breast thickly spotted chestnut. New Zealand. 



Also the genus Merganetta, With no prominent lamellae. Tail-feathers very stiff, and with 

 very narrow webs. Six species. Confined to the Andes : — 



M. armata. 17". Legs red. Bill yellow. Head and neck white. Cheeks, throat, and 

 breast black. Two white bands across the wings. . 



M. frcenata. 18". Similar to M. armata, but has a black band over and before the eyes, 

 with triangular white patch on lores separated from the white superciliary stripe. 



M. turneri. 17"- Neck and sides of head white. Breast and flanks black. Feathers of 

 back edged rufous. 



M. garUppi. 17". Similar to M. armata, but no black band across breast, and feathers of 

 back edged grey. 



M. Columbiana. 15". Legs red. Bill yellow, culmen black. Breast and abdomen white. 

 Feathers of back edged olive. 



M. leucogenys. Similar to M. Columbiana, but breast and abdomen tinged rusty. (B.M. Cat., 

 xxvii. 327-485.) 



Order PYGOPODES. 



Bill straight and pointed. Hind toe. Anterior toes lobed or vrebbed. Plumage 

 very short and dense. After-shaft. Peathers of neck continuous. Pifth secondary 

 wanting. Oil-gland tufted. Skull schizognathous. Posterior border of breast- 

 bone with one notch on each side. Legs placed far back ; unable to sit upright 

 on land. Live afloat. Cosmopolitan. Nest among rushes, on or near water. 

 Three to six eggs. 



Hind toe raised . . Podicipes . Grebes. 



Hind toe on same level . Colymbus* . Divers or Loons. 



Order PYGOPODES. Grebes and Loons or Divers. 



Bill straight and pointed. Hind toe. Anterior toes lobed or webbed. Plumage 

 very short and dense. After-shaft. Feathers of neck continuous. Fifth secondary 

 wanting. Oil-gland tufted. Skull schizognathous. Posterior border of breast- 

 bone with one notch on each side. Legs placed far back ; unable to sit upright 

 on land. Live afloat. Cosmopolitan. Nest among rushes on or near water, with 

 three to six eggs. 



Family PODICIPEDID^. 



Hind toe raised and lobed. Anterior toes with lateral lobes webbed at base. 

 Tail rudimentary or wanting. Under plumage silky. Feathers of forehead normal. 

 Head often tufted. Twelve primaries. — Young striped black and white, hatched 

 covered with down and able to swim. Cosmopolitan. Grebes have a habit of 

 eating their own feathers. Floating nest, three to six eggs, pale green. 



* Not represented in India. 



