36 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



stomach has a well-marked red color and sometimes presents ulcera- 

 tions. The wall is thickened and softened, and similar conditions 

 are found in the walls of the intestines. The red discoloration extends 

 in spots or large areas quite through the wall, showing on the outside. 

 Treatment. — Very small quantities of carefully selected food must 

 be given and the appetite must not be forced. Protect the animal 

 well from cold and dampness. Internally, give linseed tea, boiled milk, 

 boiled oatmeal gruel, or rice water. These protectives may carry the 

 medicine. Tannopin in doses of 30 to 60 grains is good. Subnitrate 

 of bismuth in doses of 1 to 2 drams may be given. Pulverized opium 

 may be used, if the diarrhea is severe, in 1 to 2 dram doses. If the 

 bowel movements are not free, one may give from a pint to a quart of 

 castor or raw linseed oil. 



TRAUMATIC INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. 



This disease results from the presence of a foreign body. This 

 condition is not rare in cattle, because these animals have the habit of 

 swallowing their food without careful chewing, and so nails, screws, 

 hairpins, ends of wire, and other metal objects may be swallowed 

 unconsciously. Such objects gravitate to the second stomach, where 

 they may become caught in the folds of the lining mucous membrane, 

 and in some instances the wall of this organ is perforated. From this 

 accident, chronic indigestion results. The symptoms, more or less 

 characteristic, are pain when getting up or lying down; grunting and 

 pain upon sudden motion, especially down hill; coughing; pain on 

 pressure over the second stomach, which lies immediately above the 

 cartilaginous prolongation of the sternum. If the presence of such a 

 foreign body is recognized, it may be removed by a difficult surgical 

 operation; or, as is usually most economical, the animal may be killed 

 for beef, if there is no fever. 



DISEASES OP THE BOWEES. 



DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY. 



[See also Gastrointestinal catarrh, p. 84.] 



The word . « dysentery," as.it is commonly used in relation to the dis- 

 eases of animals, signifies a severe form of diarrhea 



Cousea -Diarrhea is a symptom of irritation of the intestines 



Z S tll S1 l^:T d r mCreti0n ° rlllCreaSe d *— contractions 

 or both. The irritation is sometimes the result of chilli™ f r0 m 



exposure ^proper feeding, irritant foods, indigestion, organic Z 

 eases of the intestines, or parasites. "Jgamc ms 



Symptoms.— Passages from the bowels are frequent at w 

 sisting of thin dung, but as the disease continued tetnetZv 

 and offensive-smelling, and may be even streaked with Tool At 

 first the animal shows no constitutional disturbance, bu Waterlt 

 becomes weak and may exhibit evidence of abdominal P Sn by look 



