DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 



DESOBIPTION OP PLATES. 



Plate I: 



Position of the first stomach (paunch, rumen) on the left side: a, the situation 

 of the rumen; b, the spleen or milt resting on it; c, the skin and muscles 

 removed from the ribs to show position of the lungs and their relation to 

 the paunch. 



Plate II: 



Pig. 1. Stomach of a full-grown sheep, £ natural size. After Thanhoffer, from 

 R. Meade Smith's Physiology of Domestic Animals: a, rumen, or first 

 stomach; b, reticulum, or second stomach; c, omasum, or third stomach; 

 d, abomasum, or fourth stomach; e, esophagus, or gullet, opening into first 

 and second stomachs; /, opening of fourth stomach into small intestine; 

 g, opening of second stomach into third; h, opening of third stomach into 

 fourth. 



The lines indicate the course of the food in the stomachs. The incompletely 

 masticated food passes down the esophagus, or gullet, into the first and 

 second stomachs, in which a churning motion is kept up, carrying the 

 food from side to side and from stomach to stomach. From the first 

 stomach regurgitation takes place; that is, the food is returned through 

 the gullet to the mouth to be more thoroughly masticated, or chewed, and 

 this constitutes what is known as " chewing the cud." From the second 

 stomach the food passes into the third, and from the third into the fourth, 

 or true, stomach, and from there into the intestines. 



Fig. 2. Stomach of ox. After Colin, from R. Meade Smith's Physiology of 

 Domestic Animals: a, rumen; 6, reticulum; c, omasum; d, abomasum; e, 

 esophagus; /, opening of fourth stomach into small intestine. 



Fiirstenberg calculated that in an ox of 1,400 pounds weight the capacity of 

 the stomachs is as follows: 



Per cent. 



Rumen, 149.25 quarts, liquid measure 62. 4 



Reticulum, 23.77 quarts 10 



Omasum, 36.98 quarts 15 



Abomasum, 29.05 quarts lg g 



According to Colon — _ 



° . Quarts. 



Ine capacity of a beef's stomach is 366. 81 



Small intestine an ~j 



Cecum q t - 1 



Colon and rectum ok ™ 



50 



