52 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



of the lobule; v c, intralobular vein, or the vein within the lobule. This 

 vessel passes out of the lobule and there becomes the sublobular vein; 

 v s, sublobular vein. This joins other similar veins and helps to form the 

 hepatic vein, through which the blood leaves the liver; d d, the position 

 of the liver cells between the meshes of the capillaries; A A, branches of 

 the hepatic artery to the interlobular connective tissue and the walls of 

 the large veins and large bile ducts. These branches are seen at r r, and 

 form the vena vascularis; v v, vena vascularis; i i, branches of the hepatic 

 artery entering the substance of the lobule and connecting with capillaries 

 from the interlobular vein. The use of the hepatic artery is to nourish 

 the liver, while the other vessels carry blood to be modified by the liver 

 cells in certain important directions; g, branches of the bile ducts, 

 carrying bile from the various lobules into the gall bladder and into the 

 intestines; x x, intralobular bile capillaries between the liver cells. 

 These form a network of very minute tubes surrounding each ultimate 

 cell which receives the bile as it is formed by the liver cells and carried 

 outward as described. 



Fig. 2. Isolated liver cells: e, blood capillary; a, fine bile capillary channel. 

 Plate V: 



Appearance of ergot in hay: 1, blue grass; 2, timothy; 3, wild rye; 4, red top. 



Ergot is a fungus which may affect any member of the grass family. The 

 spore of the fungus, by some means brought in contact with the unde- 

 veloped seed of the grass, grows, obliterates the seed, and practically takes 

 its place. When hay affected with ergot is fed to animals it is productive 

 of a characteristic and serious affection or poisoning known as ergotism. 

 Plate VI: 



Illustrates the effects of ergot. The lower part of the limb of a cow, showing 

 the loss of skin and flesh in a narrow ring around the pastern bone, and 

 the exposure of the bone itself. 



