NONCONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF RESPIRATION ORGANS. 91 



the mucus from the eyes and nose becomes thicker and yellower. 

 Afterwards, as the symptoms increase in severity, the discharge 

 becomes mucopurulent. 



Treatment. — The animal should be housed in a well-ventilated place, 

 with good hygienic surroundings. In cold and damp weather it 

 should be kept warm with blanketing. Give hot, medicated inha- 

 lations in severe cases. If the fever is high this may be reduced by 

 giving nitrate of potassium, from 1 to 2 ounces, in the drinking water, 

 three times daily. Diffusible stimulants are beneficial in most cases. 

 Too much importance can not be attached to good nursing. There is 

 no necessity to resort to the old system of bleeding, purging, or the 

 use of powerful sedatives. 



EPISTAXIS (BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE). 



Bleeding from the nostrils is rather rare in cattle. It may arise 

 from any one of a variety of causes, but usually results from disease 

 or injury to the mucous membranes, or to violent exertions in cough- 

 ing and sneezing. It is seldom serious. The bleeding generally occurs 

 in drops from one nostril only, accompanied by sneezing, and without 

 frothing. Bleeding from the lungs comes from both nostrils, is bright 

 red, frothy, and accompanied by a cough. 



Treatment. — In many cases the bleeding will cease spontaneously, 

 and all that is necessary is to keep the animal quiet and bathe the 

 head and nostrils with cold water. Ascertain the cause of the bleed- 

 ing and be governed accordingly in the treatment. In severe and 

 exceptional, cases, where the hemorrhage is persistent and long con- 

 tinued, tie the animal's head to a high rack or beam and apply cold 

 water, ice, or have recourse to styptic injections. If the hemorrhage 

 is profuse and persistent, give either a drench composed of \\ drams 

 of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1£ drams of gallic 

 acid dissolved in a pint of water. 



LARYNGITIS (SORE THROAT). 



Laryngitis consists of an inflammation of the mucous membrane 

 lining the larynx. It may be either a primary or a secondary disease, 

 complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is due to 

 some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surround- 

 ings, or exposure to cold storms. It may also arise from inhaling 

 irritating gases. It may be the result of external violence. In an 

 acute attack of laryngitis there is an elevation of temperature, pain 

 on pressure over the region of larynx, violent paroxysms of coughing, 

 difficult and noisy respiration. The nostrils are dilated, the nose 

 extended, and the animal has a frightened expression. There is 

 marked difficulty in swallowing. 



Treatment. — This consists of fomentations and hot applications 



