DISEASES OP THE URINARY ORGANS. 119 



pint, or sulphuric acid, 60 drops in a pint of water, may also be 

 employed at intervals as injections. In cases due to sprained or 

 fractured loins, to inflamed kidneys, or to stone or gravel, the treat- 

 ment will be as for the particular disease in question. 



In hematuria from anemia (watery blood), whether from insuffi- 

 cient or badly adjusted rations or from the poisonous products of 

 fermentations in impervious or marshy soils, the treatment must be 

 essentially tonic and stimulating. Rich, abundant, and easily diges- 

 tible food must be furnished. The different grains (oats, barley, 

 wheat, bran, rye) and seeds (rape, linseed, cotton seed) are especially 

 called for, and may be given either ground or boiled. As a bitter, 

 sulphate of quinia, one-half dram, and tincture of muriate of iron, 2 

 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 

 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will 

 act favorably. 



But in this anemic variety prevention is the great need. The drain- 

 age and cultivation of the dangerous soils is the main object. Until 

 this can be accomplished young and newly purchased cattle, not yet 

 inured to the poisons, must be kept from the dangerous fields and 

 turned only on those which are already drained naturally or artificially. 

 Further, they should have an abundant ration in which the local prod- 

 uct of grass, hay, etc., is supplemented by grain or other seeds. 

 Another point to be guarded against is the supply of water that has 

 drained from marshes or impervious soils, rich in organic matter, as 

 such is charged with nitrites, ptomaines, etc. , which directly conduce 

 to the disorder. Pence out from all such waters, and supply from liv- 

 ing springs or deep wells only. 



ALBUMEN IN THE URINE (ALBUMINURIA). 



In bloody urine albumen is always present as an important con- 

 stituent of the blood, and in congested and inflamed kidneys it is 

 present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, 

 albumen in the urine represents in different cases a variety of diseased 

 conditions of the kidneys or of distant organs. Among the additional 

 causes of albuminuria may be named: (1) An excess of albumen in the 

 blood (after easy calving with little loss of blood and before the secre- 

 tion of milk has been established, or in cases of sudden suppression 

 of the secretion of milk) ; (2) under increase of blood pressure (after 

 deep drinking, after doses of digitalis or broom, after transfusion of 

 blood from one animal to another, or in disease of the heart or lungs 

 causing obstruction to the flow of blood from the veins) ; (3) after 

 cutting (or disease) of the motor nerves of the vessels going to the 

 kidneys, causing congestion of these organs; (4) violent exertion, 

 hence long drives by road ; the same happens with violent muscular 

 spasms, as from strychnia poisoning, lockjaw, epilepsy, and convul- 

 sions; (5) in most fevers and extensive inflammations of important 



