DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE OEGANS. 149 



with a bull is usually hermaphrodite and barren. But the animals 

 of either sex in which development of the organs is arrested before 

 they are fully matured remain as in the male or female prior to 

 puberty, and are barren. Bulls with both testicles retained within 

 the abdomen may go through the form of serving a cow, but the serv- 

 ice is unfruitful; the spermatozoa are not fully elaborated. So I have 

 examined a heifer with a properly formed but very small womb and 

 an extremely narrow vagina and vulva, the walls of which were very 

 muscular, that could never be made to conceive. A post-mortem 

 examination would probably have disclosed an imperfectly formed 

 ovary incapable of bringing ova to maturity. 



A bull and cow that have been too closely inbred in the same line for 

 generations may prove sexually incompatible and unable to generate 

 together, though both are abundantly prolific when coupled with ani- 

 mals of other strains of blood. 



Finally a bull may prove unable to get stock, not from any lack of 

 sexual development, but from disease of other organs (back, loins, hind 

 limbs), which renders him unable to mount with the energy requisite 

 to the perfect service. 



CONGESTION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES (ORCHITIS). 



This usually results from blows or other direct injuries, but may be 

 the result of excessive service or of the formation of some new growth 

 (tumor) in the gland tissue. The bull moves stiffly, with straddling 

 gait, and the right or left half of the scrotum in which the affected 

 testicle lies is swollen, red, and tender, and the gland is drawn up 

 within the sac and dropped down again at frequent intervals. It may 

 be treated by rest ; by 1$' pounds Epsom salts given in 4 quarts of water ; 

 by a restricted diet of some succulent food; by continued fomentations 

 with warm water by means of sponges or rags sustained by a sling 

 passed around the loins and back between the hind legs. The pain 

 may be allayed by smearing with a solution of opium or of extract of 

 belladonna. Should a soft point appear, indicating the formation of 

 matter, it may be opened with a sharp lancet and the wound treated 

 daily with a solution of a teaspoonf ul of carbolic acid in a half pint of 

 water. Usually, however, when the inflammation has proceeded to 

 this extent the gland will be ruined for purposes of procreation and 

 must be cut out. (See "Castration," p. 300). 



INFLAMMATION OF THE SHEATH. 



While this may occur in bulls from infection during copulation and 

 from bruises, blows, and other mechanical injuries, the condition is 

 more common in the ox in connection with the comparative inactivity of 

 the parts. The sheath has a very small external opening, the mucous 

 membrane of which is studded with sebaceous glands secreting a thick, 

 unctuous matter of a strong, heavy odor. Behind this orifice is a dis- 



