182 



DISEASES OF OATTLE. 



Fore limbs . 



I 



-^» 



PI 

 <D 



CO 



o 



this the same general principles must be followed as laid down in 

 "Embryotomy" (p. 198). 



TABLE OF WRONG PRESENTATIONS OF THE CALF. 

 Simultaneous presentation of twins. 



Limbs curved at the knee. Flexor tendons shortened. 



Limb crossed over the back of the neck. 



Limb bent back at the knee. 



Limb bent back from the shoulder. 



Head bent downward on the neck. 



Head and neck turned downward beneath the breast. 



Head turned to one side upon the side of the neck. 



Head and neck turned back on the side of the chest and 

 abdomen. 



Head turned upward and backward on the back. 

 rHind limbs rotated outward. Toes and stifles turned out- 

 •j ward. 

 I Hind limbs bent forward, their feet resting in the pelvis. 



Back of the calf turned to the right or left side. 



Back of the calf turned to the floor of the pelvis and udder. 



Hind limb bent on itself at the hock. Hock and buttocks 

 present. 



Hind limb bent at the hips. Buttocks present. 



Back of calf turned to the right or left side. 



Back of calf turned to the floor of the pelvis and udder. 



Head up toward the spine, 



a 

 u o 



p m 



Ph £ 



u 

 ft 



Head 



Hind limbs . 



Transerse _ . 

 Inverted ... 



Hind limbs . 



Transverse 



Inverted 



Back and loins 

 presented. 



•Position of calf vertical . 



Breast and abdo- 

 men presented. 



Position of calf transverse 



^Position of calf transverse . 



croup toward udder. 

 Head Sown toward udder, 



croup toward spine. 

 Head toward the right side, 



croup toward the left. 

 Head toward the left side, 



croup toward the right. 

 Head toward right side, 



croup toward left. 

 Head toward left side, croup 



toward right. 



These include all general presentations, yet other subsidiary ones 

 will at once occur to the attentive reader. Thus, in each anterior or 

 posterior presentation, with the back of the calf turned downward or 

 to one side, the case may be complicated by the bending back of one 

 or more members as a whole or at the joint just above the shank 

 bones (knee or hock). So also in such anterior presentation the head 

 may be turned back. 



HEAD AND FORE FEET PRESENTED — BACK TURNED TO ONE SIDE. 



The calf has a greater diameter from above down (spine to breast- 

 bone) than it has from side to side, and the same is true of the passage 

 of the pelvis of the cow, which measures, on an average, 8 T \ inches 

 from above downward and 7-^ inches from side to side. Hence the 



