DISEA8E8 OF THE GEXERATIVE ORGANS. * 191 



the movable segment is bent down on the farther side of the neck, 

 and is pushed on until it can be felt at its lower border. The hand 

 now seizes the knotted end of the cord beneath the lower border of 

 the neck and pulls it through while the carrier is withdrawn, the cord 

 sliding through its rings. The cord, pushed up as near to the head as 

 possible, is furnished with a running noose by tying the knotted end 

 round the other, or, better, the two ends are twisted around each other 

 so as to give a firm hold on the neck without dangerously compress- 

 ing the blood vessels. By pushing on the opposite shoulder with 

 the repeller, and assisting with the hand on shoulder, breastbone, or 

 lower border of the neck, such a change of position will be secured 

 as will speedily bring the head within reach. Afterwards proceed as 

 described above. 



These cases are always trying, but it . is very rarely necessary to 

 resort to embryotomy. When absolutely required, first remove one 

 fore limb, and then, if still unsuccessful, the other, after which the 

 head can easily be secured. (See "Embryotomy," p. 198.) 



HEAD TURNED UPWARD AND BACKWARD 



In this case the face rests upon the spine; the fore feet appear alone 

 in the passage, but fail to advance, and on examination the rounded 

 inferior border of the neck can be felt, extending upward and back- 

 ward beneath the spine of the dam, and if the calf is not too large the 

 hand may reach the lower jaw or even the muzzle. (PI. XVI, fig. 5.) 

 A repeller is planted in the breast and the body of the calf pushed 

 backward and downward so as to make room and bring the head 

 nearer to the passage; or in some cases the body may be pushed 

 back sufficiently by the use of the fore limbs alone. Meanwhile the 

 head is seized by the ear or the eye socket, or, if it can be reached, 

 by the lower jaw, and pulled downward into position as space is 

 secured for it. If the hand alone is insufficient, the blunt hooks may 

 be inserted in the orbits or in the angle of the mouth, or a noose may 

 be placed on the lower jaw, and by traction the head will be easily 

 advanced. In case of a large fetus, the head of which is beyond 

 reach, even when traction is made on the limbs, a rope may be passed 

 around the neck and pulled, while the breastbone is pressed down- 

 ward and backward by the repeller, and soon the change of position 

 will bring the orbit or lower jaw within reach. With the above posi- 

 tion the standing position is most favorable for success. But if the 

 calf is placed with its back down toward the udder, and if the head 

 is bent down under the brim of the pelvis, the best position for the 

 cow is on her back, with her head downhill. 



In neglected cases, with death and putrefaction of the fetus and 

 dryness of the passages, it may be necessary to extract in pieces. (See 

 "Embryotomy," p. 198.) 



