DISEASES OP THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 197 



pelvic passages as a complication. The general principles are the 

 same as in faulty presentation fore and hind, and no time should be 

 lost in making the manipulations necessary to bring the feet into the 

 pelvis, lest they get in bent or otherwise displaced and add unneces- 

 sary complications. 



With a transverse direction of the calf, the head being turned to 

 one side, the pressure must be directed laterally, so that the body will 

 glide around on one side of the womb, and the extremities when 

 reached must be promptly seized and brought into the passages. 

 Sometimes a fortunate struggle of a live fetus will greatly aid in rec- 

 tifying the position. 



BREAST AND ABDOMEN PRESENTED — ALL FOUR FEET IN THE PASSAGES. 



In this form the calf lies across the womb with its roached-back 

 turned forward and its belly toward the pelvis. All four feet may be 

 extended and engaged in the passages, or one or more may be bent 

 on themselves so as to lie in front of the pelvis. The head, too, may 

 usually be felt on the right side or the left, and if detected it serves 

 to identify the exact position of the fetus. The position may further 

 be decided upon by examination of the feet and limbs. With the 

 limbs extended the front of the hoofs and the convex aspect of the 

 bent pasterns and fetlocks will look toward that flank in which lie the 

 head and shoulders. On examination still higher the smooth, even 

 outline of the knee and its bend, looking toward the hind parts, char- 

 acterize the fore limb, while the sharp prominence of the point of the 

 hock and the bend on the opposite side of the joint, looking toward 

 the head, indicate the hind limb. (PI. XVII, fig. 5. ) 



The remedy for this condition is to be sought in repelling into the 

 womb those limbs that are least eligible for extraction, and bringing 

 into the passages the most eligible extremities. The most eligible will 

 usually be those which project farthest into the passages, indicating 

 the nearer proximity of that end of the calf. An exception may, 

 however, be made in favor of that extremity which will give the most 

 natural presentation. Thus if, owing to obliquity in the position of 

 the fetus, the hind extremities promised a presentation with the back 

 of the fetus turned down toward the udder, and the anterior extremi- 

 ties one with the back turned up toward the spine, the latter should 

 be selected. Again, if the choice for the two extremities is evenly 

 balanced, the hind may be chosen as offering less risk of complication, 

 there being no head to get displaced. 



Treatment. — The first step in the treatment is to place a running 

 noose on each of the four feet, marking those of the fore limbs to dis- 

 tinguish them from those of the hind. In case it is proposed to bring 

 the anterior extremities into the passage, a noose should also be placed 

 on the lower jaw. Then run the ropes attached to the two feet that are 

 to be pushed back through the ring of a cord carrier (PI. XXI, fig. 5), 

 passing the rings down to the feet, and by the aid of the carrier push 



