DISEASES OP THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 201 



If the head is still inclosed in the vagina two methods are avail- 

 able: (1) The removal of the lower jaw and subsequent separation of 

 the head from the neck; (2) the skinning of the whole head and its 

 separation from the neck. 



To remove the lower jaw the skin is dissected away from it until 

 the throat is reached. Then the muscles of the cheeks and side of 

 the jaw (masseters) are cut through and those connecting the jaw 

 with the neck. "When traction is made on the rope round the lower 

 jaw it will usually come away with little trouble. Should it resist, 

 its posterior extremity on each side (behind the grinding teeth) may 

 be cut through with bone forceps or with a guarded bone chisel. 

 (PI. XX, fig. 8.) After the removal of the lower jaw the way will be 

 open to separate the head from the neck, the knife being used to cut 

 into the first or second joint from below, or the bone forceps or chisel 

 being employed to cut through the bones of the neck. Then traction 

 is made on the head by means of hooks in the orbits, and the hand, 

 armed with an embryotomy knife, is introduced to cut through the 

 tense resisting ligament and muscles above the bones. The skin and 

 the strong ligamentous cord attached to the poll are the essential 

 things to cut, as the muscles can easily be torn across. Unless there 

 are great difficulties in the way it is well to skin the head from the 

 eyes back, and on reaching the poll to cut through the ligament and 

 then bring the head away by pulling. 



If it is decided to remove the entire head at once, it may be skinned 

 from the front of the eyes back to behind the lower jaw below and 

 the poll above, then cut through the muscles and ligaments around 

 the first joint and pull the head away, assisting, if need be, in the 

 separation of the head by using the knife on the ligament of the 

 joint. 



If the calf is a double-headed monster, the skinning of the head 

 must be carried backward until the point has been reached where 

 both heads branch from the single neck, and the separation must be 

 made at that point. The muscles and ligaments are first to be cut 

 through; and if the part can not then be detached by pulling, the 

 bodies of the vertebrae may be separated by passing the knife through 

 the joint. The second head may now be secured by a noose round 

 the lower jaw or hooks in the orbits and brought up into place, the 

 body being pushed back toward the other side by a repeller, so as to 

 make room. 



It should be added that, excepting in the case of a double-headed 

 monster, or in case of the head protruding or nearly so, and one or 

 both fore limbs presenting, it is rarely desirable to undertake ampu- 

 tation of the head. The space desirable in the passages can usually 

 be secured by the much simpler and easier procedure of removing 

 one or both fore limbs. 



