DISEASES OP THE GENEBATIVE OBGAN8. 



207 



h 



Plate XIV— Continued. 



Fig. 2. Taken from Quain's Anatomy, "Vol. n, showing tie blood vessels 

 passing through the umbilical cord in a human fetus: L, liver; K, kidney; 

 J, intestines; U C, umbilical cord; TJa, umbilical arteries. The posterior 

 aorta coming from the heart passes backward and gives rise to the internal 

 iliac arteries, and of these the umbilical arteries are branches. Uv, umbil- 

 ical vein; this joins the portal vein, passes onward to the liver, breaks up 

 into smaller vessels, which reunite in the hepatic vein; this empties into 

 the posterior vena cava, which carries the blood back to the heart. 

 Plate XV: 



Showing the most favorable position of the calf or fetus in the womb at birth, 

 and the position in which it is most frequently found. This is known as 

 the normal anterior position. The back of the fetus is directly towards 

 that of the mother, the fore legs are extended back towards the vulva of 

 the mother, and the head rests between them. The birth of the calf in 

 this position usually takes place without artificial assistance. 

 Plate XVI: 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation; one fore limb completely retained. From 

 Fleming^ Veterinary Obstetrics. The retained limb must be reached if 

 possible, and brought forward joint by joint and the fetus then extracted. 

 Fig. 2. Anterior presentation; fore limbs bent at knee. From Fleming's 

 Veterinary Obstetrics. The limbs must be extended before delivery can 

 be accomplished. 

 Fig. 3. Anterior presentation; fore limb crossed over neck. From Fleming's 

 Veterinary Obstetrics. The leg should be grasped a little above the fet- 

 lock, raised, drawn to its proper side, and extended in the genital canal. 

 Fig. 4. Anterior presentation; downward deviation of head. After St. Cyr, 

 from Hill's Bovine Medicine and Surgery. The head must be brought 

 into position seen in Plate XV before delivery can take place. 

 Fig. 5. Anterior presentation; deviation of the head upwards and backwards. 

 From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. Retropulsion is the first indica- 

 tion, and will often bring the head into its normal position. 

 Fig. 6. Anterior presentation; head presenting with back down. From D'Ar- 

 boval, Diet, de Med. el de Chir. The fetus should be turned by pushing 

 back the fore parts and bringing up the hind so as to make a posterior 

 presentation. 

 Plate XVII: 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation, with hind feet engaged in pelvis. A very serious 

 malpresentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if 

 delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet. 

 Fig. 2. Thigh and croup presentation, showing the fetus corded. From 

 Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. The cord has a ring or noose at one 

 end. The two ends of the cord are passed between the thighs, brought 

 out at the flanks, and the plain end passed through the noose at the top 

 of the back and brought outside the vulva. The fetus must be pushed 

 back and an attempt made to bring the limbs properly into the genital 

 passage. 

 Fig. 3. Croup and hock presentation. From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 The indications in this abnormal presentation are the same as described 

 for Fig. 2. 

 Fig. 4. Posterior presentation; the fetus on its back. From D'Arboval, Diet, 

 de Med. et de Chir. Turn the fetus so as to make a normal anterior 

 presentation. 



