208 DISEASES OP CATTLE. 



Plate XVII— Continued. 



Fig. 5. Sterno-abdominal presentation. From D'Arboval, Diet, de Med. et 



Chir. The fetus is on its side with linibs crossing and presenting. T 



limbs least eligible for extraction should be forced back into the uterus. 

 Fig. 6. Dorso-lumbar presentation; the back presenting. From D'Arbov; 



Diet, de Med. et de Chir. The fetus must be turned so that one or t. 



other extremity can enter the passage. 

 Plate XVIII: 



Fig. 1. Twin pregnancy, showing the normal anterior and posterior present 



tions. From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 Fig. 2. Abdominal dropsy of the fetus; normal presentation; fore limbs corde 



After Armatage. The drawing illustrates the method of puncturing tl 



abdomen through the chest with a long trocar and canula. The fluid 



represented escaping from the canula after the withdrawal of the troca 

 Fig. 3. Tallich's short, bent, crotchet forceps. The forceps have bent ai 



toothed jaws, which are intended to take hold of the fetus where neitb 



cords nor hooks can be applied, as the ear, nose, or skin of cheek. 

 Fig. 4. Clamp for ear. skinTetc: 1-1, blades with hooks and correspond^ 



holes; 2, ring to close the blades; 3, stem with female screw for hand! 



4, handle, which may be either straight or jointed and flexible. 

 Plate XIX: 



This plate illustrates various malformations and diseases of the fetus whi< 



act as the cause of difficult parturition. 

 Figs. 1, 2, 3. F°present the fetuses with portions of their bodies double. Fi 



1 (from Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics), double head, neck, and fo 



limbs. Fig. 2 (from Eneyclop. der Gesam. Thierheilkunde, 1886), dout 



head, neck, fore limbs, and body. Fig. 3 (from Fleming's Veterina: 



Obstetrics) , double faced. 

 Fig. 4. Fetus with head very much enlarged. From Fleming's Veterina 



Obstetrics. This affection is known as hydrocephalus, or dropsy of t' 



brain, and is due to a more or less considerable quantity of fluid in t 



cranial cavity of the fetus. 

 Fig. 5. Skull of the calf represented in Fig. 4. The roof of the skull is absei 



From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 Plate XX: 



Fig. 1. Long embryotome with joint. 



Fig. 2. Long sharp hook. This instrument is about 3 feet in length, includh 



the handle. Hooks of this kind, both blunt and sharp, are applied direct 



to the fetus to assist in delivery. 

 Fig. 3. Giinther's long-handled embryotome. This instrument and that re 



resented in Fig. 1 are of special value in cutting through muscular tissi 



and in separating the limbs from the trunk when the fetus can not ' 



removed entire. These embryotomes are usually 30 inches long, but mi 



be made either longer or shorter. 

 Fig. 4. Jointed cord-carrier, used in difficult parturition to carry a cord in 



regions which can not be reached by the arm. 

 Fig. 5. Instrument used to rotate or turn the fetus, known as a rotator. 

 Fig. 6. Dilator of the neck of the womb, used when conception can not tal 



place owing to a contracted condition of the neck of the womb. 

 Fig. 7. Repeller. An instrument from 2 to 3 feet long, used to force the fet 



forward into the womb. This operation is generally necessary when tl 



presentation is abnormal and the fetus has advanced too far into the na 



row inlet to the uterus to be moved. 



