214 DISEASES OP CATTLE. 



over each other, and are tied to the surcingle and collar, the upper 

 and lower ropes are drawn so tightly that the rope ring is made to 

 prass firmly all around the vulva without risk of displacement. This 

 should be worn for several days, until the womb shall have closed 

 and all risk of further eversion is at an end. Variations of this 

 device are found in the use of a narrow triangle of iron applied 

 around the vulva and fixed by a similar arrangement of ropes, sur- 

 cingle, and collar (PI. XXIII, fig. 3), a common crupper similarly 

 held around the vulva (PL XXII, fig. 1), stitches through the vulva, 

 and wires inserted through the skin on the two hips (PI. XXIII, fig. 2), 

 so that they will cross behind the vulva; also pessaries of various 

 kinds inserted in the vagina. None of these, however, presents any 

 advantage over the simple and comparatively painless rope truss 

 described above. Such additional precautions as keeping the cow in 

 a stall higher behind than in front, and seeing that the diet is slightly 

 laxative and nonstimulating may be named. If straining is persistent, 

 ounce doses of laudanum may be employed twice a day, and the same 

 may be injected into the vagina. 



If the womb has been cut off, injections of a solution of a teaspoon- 

 ful of carbolic acid in a quart of water should be employed daily, or 

 more frequently, until the discharge ceases. 



EVERSION OF THE BLADDER. 



A genuine eversion of the bladder is almost unknown in the cow, 

 owing to the extreme narrowness of its mouth. The protrusion of the 

 bladder, however, through a laceration in the floor of the vagina sus- 

 tained in calving, and its subsequent protrusion through the vulva, is 

 sometimes met with. In this case the protruding bladder contains 

 urine, which can never be the case in a real eversion, in which the 

 inner surface of the bladder and the openings of the ureters are both 

 exposed outside the vulva. The presence of a bag containing water, 

 which is connected with the floor of the vagina, will serve to identify 

 this condition. If the position of the bladder in the vulva renders it 

 impracticable to pass a catheter to draw off the urine, pierce the 

 organ with the nozzle of a hypodermic syringe, or even a very small 

 trocar and canula, and draw off the water, when it will be found an 

 easy matter to return the bladder to its place. The rent in the vagina 

 can be stitched up, but as there would be risk in any subsequent 

 calving it is best to prepare the cow for the butcher, 



RUPTURE OP THE BLADDER. 



This has been known to occur in protracted parturition when the 

 fetus finally passed while the bladder was full. The symptoms are 

 those of complete suppression of urine and tenderness of the abdo- 

 men, with a steady accumulation of liquid and fluctuation on handling 



