DISEASES FOLLOWING PARTURITION. 235 



evident that it is not simply the inoculation with the milker's hand 

 that is lacking,, for the skin of the bag is attacked, but not its secret- 

 ing glandular parts. Now that in any case of abscess we look for the 

 cause in the chain forms of globular bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes), 

 in the cluster form of white globular bacteria (Staphylococcus pyogenes 

 albus), and in the golden and citron-yellow forms of clustered globu- 

 lar bacteria (Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus and Staphylococcus 

 pyogenes citreus), the formation of pus gives presumptive evidence 

 of the action of one or more of these germs. So in cases of mortifica- 

 tion of the bag; in the very occurrence there is fair circumstantial 

 evidence of the presence of erysipelas micrococcus or other germ 

 which kills the local tissues. Again, in tuberculosis affecting the bag 

 (a not uncommon condition), the active local cause is without doubt 

 the tubercle bacillus. 



It has been found that false membranes have formed in certain 

 cases of mammitis in the cow, and Klein, after inoculating the diph- 

 theria of man on the cow, found an ulcerous sore in the seat of inoc- 

 ulation and blisters on the teats and udder, in which he found what 

 he believed to be the bacillus of diphtheria. The results are doubt- 

 ful, even in the absence of false membranes. Loffler, too, in the 

 diphtheria of calves, found that the germ was more delicate and 

 longer than that of man, and that its pathogenesis for rodents was 

 less, guinea pigs having only a nonfatal abscess. The presence of 

 false membranes in one form of mammitis in cows does not neces- 

 sarily imply its communicability to man. 



It has been claimed that scarlet fever has been transmitted from 

 the cow to man, and it can not be denied that in many cases the infec- 

 tion has been disseminated through the milk. The facts, however, 

 when brought out fully have shown that in almost every case the 

 milk had first come in contact with a person suffering or recovering 

 from scarlet fever, so that the milk was infected after it left the cow. 

 The alleged exceptional cases at Hendon and Dover, England, are 

 not conclusive. In the Hendon outbreak inoculations were made on 

 calves from the slight eruption on the cow's teats, and they had a 

 slight eruption on the lips and a form of inflammation of the kidneys, 

 which Doctor Klein thought resembled that of scarlatina. The cows 

 that had brought the disease to the Hendon dairies were traced back 

 to Wiltshire, and cows were found there suffering from a similar mal- 

 ady, but there was no sign of scarlet fever resulting. In the Dover 

 outbreak, the dairyman first denied any disease in his cows, and 

 brought the certificate of a veterinarian to prove that they were sound 

 at the time of the investigation ; then later he confessed that the cows 

 had had foot-and-mouth disease, and consequent eruption on the teats 

 some time before. So the question remains whether the man who 

 denied sickness in the cows to begin with, and adduced professional 

 evidence of this, did not later acknowledge the foot-and-mouth dis- 



