240 DISEASES OP CATTLE. 



thread. In one ease which I investigated near Ithaca, N. Y., th 

 contamination was manifestly due to a spring which oozed out of 

 bank of black muck soil and stood in pools mixed with the dejec 

 tions of the animals. Inoculation of pure milk with the water as i 

 flowed out of this bank developed in it the fungus and the string 

 characters. By fencing in this spring and giving the affected cow 

 each 2 drams bisulphite of soda daily, the trouble was arrestei 

 promptly and permanently. 



CHAPPED TEATS. 



These may be caused by anything which irritates them. The power 

 ful sucking of the calf, the sudden chilling of the teat in winter afte 

 the calf has just let it go or after the completion of milking with ; 

 wet hand ; contact with cold water, or stagnant putrid water, or wit! 

 filth or irritants when lying down; slight congestions of the skin ii 

 connection with overstocking, and, indeed, any source of local irrita 

 tiou may cause chapping. This may be slight or extend into grea 

 gaping sores and induce retention of milk or even mammitis. Sooth 

 ing applications of vaseline, or a combination of equal parts of sper 

 maceti and oil of sweet almonds may be applied. If healing is tardy 

 add 10 grains balsam of Peru to the ounce of ointment. If the irri 

 tation is very great, wash first with a solution of 1 dram sugar of lea< 

 in 1 pint of water, and then apply benzoated oxide of zinc ointment 



WARTS ON THE TEATS. 



These are often very troublesome, yet they may be greatly benefltei 

 or entirely removed by smearing them thickly after each milking wit] 

 pure olive oil. If they persist they may be cut off with a sharp pai 

 of scissors and the sore touched with a stick of lunar caustic. The; 

 may now be oiled and the caustic repeated as demanded to preven 

 their renewed growth. 



Scabby teats may be smeared with vaseline containing enough car 

 bolic acid to give it an odor. 



TEAT BLOCKED BY CONCRETION OF CASEIN. 



Under unhealthy conditions of the gland or milk ducts, clots o 

 casein form, and these, pressed clear of most of their liquid and rollei 

 into rounded masses, may block the passage. They can be moved u 

 and down by manipulation of the teat, and if they can not be pressei 

 out they may be extracted by using the spring teat dilator (PL XXIV 

 fig. 3), being held surrounded by its three limbs. Before extractioi 

 is attempted an ounce of almond oil, .previously boiled, should b 

 injected into the teat. 



