DISEASES Off YOUNG CALVES. 259 



have seen the cleanest and purest stable repeatedly disinfected with 

 corrosive sublimate without stopping the malady. It would appear 

 as if the germ lodged on the surface or in the bowels of the cow and 

 tided the infection over the period of stable disinfection. But though 

 insufficient of themselves, the supply of separate calving boxes and 

 the frequent thorough cleaning and disinfection of both these and the 

 stables should not be neglected. The most important measure, how- 

 ever, is the disinfection of the navel. 



The cow should be furnished with abundance of dry, clean bedding, 

 sprinkled with a solution of carbolic acid. As soon as calving sets in, 

 the tail and hips, anus and vulva, should be sponged with a carbolic- 

 acid solution (one-half ounce to the quart), and the vagina injected 

 with a weaker solution (2 drams to the quart). Fresh carbolized bed- 

 ding should be constantly supplied, so that the calf shall be dropped on 

 that and not on soaked litter nor manure. The navel string should 

 be at once tied with a cord that has been taken from a strong solution 

 of carbolic acid. The stump of the cord and the adjacent skin should 

 then be washed with the following solution: Iodin, one-half dram; 

 iodid of potassium, one-half dram; water, 1 quart. When dry, it 

 may be covered with a coating of collodion or tar, each containing 1 

 per cent of iodin. 



Whenever a calf shows any sign of scouring, it should be instantly 

 removed to another pen and building, and the vacated one should be 

 thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Different attendants should 

 take care of the sound calves and the infected ones, and all utensils, 

 litter, etc., kept scrupulously apart. 



After one week the healthy calves may usually be safely herded 

 together or they may be safely placed in the cow stable. 



OTHER AILMENTS OP THE CALF. 



Among these may be named several congenital imperfections, such as 

 imperforate anus, vulva, or prepuce, which are to be recognized by the 

 inability to pass dung or urine, in spite of straining, and the formation 

 of swellings in the anus, vulva, or sheath. Each must be carefully 

 incised with the knife, taking care not to injure the muscles which cir- 

 cumscribe the respective openings. Also tongue-tie, in which the thin 

 flaccid mucous membrane passing from the median line of the lower 

 surface of the tongue binds the latter too closely to the floor of the 

 mouth and renders the tongue unfit for gathering in the food in after 

 life. This must be cut with knife or scissors, so as to give the tongue a 

 reasonable amount of liberty. 



Aphtha, or thrush, is another trouble of the sucking calf, showing 

 itself as a white, curdy elevation on the tongue, lips, cheeks, or gums, 

 and when detached leaving a raw, red, angry surface. It is due to the 

 growth of a vegetable parasite long recognized as the Oidium albicans 



