TUMORS AFFECTING CATTLE. 313 



a smooth contour, white or whitish yellow in color, is sharply limited 

 from the normal substance of the tongue, may be covered with*mucous 

 membrane, on which prominent papillse are located, or only by a thin, 

 delicate layer of epithelium, and is usually found in the middle part 

 of the tongue, where it may reach the size of two fists. 



Pedunculate, or stemmed, fibrous, tumors are frequently noticed 

 growing upon or near the extremity of the tails of cows. These are 

 apparently of traumatic origin, such as tying the tail fast while milk- 

 ing or shaving it too closely while trimming the animal for show pur- 

 poses, and usually contain bloody or gelatinous material within, or, 

 again, they may be strongly edematous throughout. 



Treatment. — The treatment of large fibromas is surgical, and con- 

 sists of the operative removal of the tumor, followed by suturing of 

 the wound. Small external tumors may be painted with zinc chloride, 

 chromic acid, or a concentrated solution of bichloride of mercury. 



PAPILLOMA (WART). 



When fibromas develop from the lining or covering tissues they 

 frequently form papillary growths, more or less thickly covered with 

 epithelium, and are then called papillomas, or warts. 



Papillomas consist of villous-like projections, resulting from a 

 proliferation of the outer layer (epithelium) of the skin or mucous 

 membrane. These growths are also called "angle berries," and 

 may assume a variety of forms. Sometimes there is a preponder- 

 ance of epidermis in the formation, and the tumor then appears 

 as a hard, dense, insensititive, club-like growth, or wart. Again 

 the swelling is chiefly located in the derm, or true skin, and we 

 have what is known as a flesh wart (verucca carnea). In other 

 cases the growth of papillar bodies projects in great cauliflower-like 

 tumors with deeply furrowed and lobulated surface, over which a 

 covering of epidermis may or may not be present. These are usually 

 much softer and are well supplied with blood vessels. It is not 

 uncommon for them to be pedunculate or stemmed, and in this case 

 considerable rotary motion or twisting is possible. Their color is 

 cloudy gray or grayish red, with white bands of connective tissue 

 radiating from the-center. Their consistence varies. They undergo 

 upon their surfaces and within their clefts and fissures retrogressive 

 changes, softening, bleeding, or ulcerations. 



A favorite location for the papilloma in cattle is the udder and 

 teats, where they may develop in such numbers as to cover completely 

 the entire surface and make the animal troublesome to milk. The 

 sides of the head, neck, and shoulder also afford satisfactory con- 

 ditions for their growth, and are frequently seen to be affected by 

 them. 



Treatment. — Warts maybe removed with the scissors or twisted off 

 with the fingers or ligatured by means of a rubber band or horse hair. 



